{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:14:33Z","timestamp":1793740473925,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate whether ghrelin affected the autophagy and inflammatory response of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) by regulating the NOD2\/Beclin-1 pathway in an intestinal ischemia\u2013reperfusion (I\/R) injury model. Twenty hours after implementing the intestinal I\/R injury rat model, the small intestine and both lungs were collected for histological analysis. The morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa epithelium and lung tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The activity of autophagic vacuoles and organ injury were evaluated using electron microscopy. The cytokine levels (IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1) in IEL cells and lung tissue were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RT-qPCR and western blot assays were conducted to check the NOD2, Beclin-1, and ATG16 levels. Ghrelin relieved the I\/R-induced destruction of the intestinal mucosa epithelium and lung tissues. Moreover, ghrelin enhanced autophagy in the intestinal epithelium and lungs of I\/R rats. In addition, the levels of autophagy-associated proteins (Beclin-1, ATG16, and NOD2) were higher in the ghrelin treatment group than in rats with I\/R. Ghrelin reduced significantly the IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1 levels. However, these changes were reversed by the NOD2 antagonist. In conclusion, ghrelin may relieve I\/R-induced acute intestinal mucosal damage, autophagy disorder, and inflammatory response in IELs by regulating the NOD2\/Beclin-1 pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2022-0520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T13:25:03Z","timestamp":1658323503000},"page":"1308-1317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Protective effect of ghrelin on intestinal I\/R injury in rats"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai 200090 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengxia","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai 200090 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youwen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai 200090 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai 200090 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoguang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiufeng","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai 200090 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai 200090 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai 200090 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022120618374228948_j_med-2022-0520_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ito H, Sadatomo A, Inoue Y, Yamada N, Aizawa E, Hishida E, et al. 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