{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:53:48Z","timestamp":1753887228717,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ponticulus posticus (PP) is a bony protrusion located between the posterior portion of the superior articular process and the posterolateral portion of a posterior arch of the atlas vertebrae in the cervical spine. The aim of this study is to verify the presence of different types of PP in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic cohort to understand its correlation with skeletal class and maturity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A case\u2013control retrospective study was conducted, utilizing 212 latero-lateral telecranium radiographs to analyze skeletal maturity according to the cervical vertebral maturation method, the Angle\u2019s classification of malocclusion (I, II, or III), and the presence or absence of the PP, whether complete (c-PP) or partial (p-PP). A total of 212 lateral cephalograms were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 72 male patients, 67 (93%) exhibited PP, and 116 (88%) were PP. The chi-square value was 0.001, while Cramer\u2019s <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic> was 0.270, indicating a significant correlation between age groups and PP presence, and a very strong association overall. Out of the 41 complete PP cases, class I was notably more prevalent than classes II and III.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Orthodontists should carefully consider PP when assessing and treating individuals with or without skeletal discrepancies and dental anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2024-0965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T09:40:55Z","timestamp":1721036455000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7655-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Roggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Caltabiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania , Catania , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0173-4885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia","family":"Maugeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4216-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia Agata","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of System Biology, University of Catania , Catania , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-2348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Lo Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, AOU \u201cPoliclinico-San Marco\u201d , Catania , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8260-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Musumeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy"},{"name":"Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania , Catania , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6301-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Loreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma V, Chaudhary D, Mitra R. Prevalence of ponticulus posticus in Indian orthodontic patients. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2010;39(5):277\u201383.","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/16271087"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kendrick GS, Biggs NL. Incidence of the ponticulus posticus of the first cervical vertebra between ages six to seventeen. Anat Rec. 1963;145:449\u201353.","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091450308"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menezes AH. Craniocervical developmental anatomy and its implications. Childs Nerv Syst. 2008;24(10):1109\u201322.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-008-0600-1"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel A, Jain S, Shah A. Radiological evaluation of 510 cases of basilar invagination with evidence of atlantoaxial instability (Group A Basilar Invagination). World Neurosurg. 2018;110:533\u201343.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.007"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho YJ. Radiological analysis of ponticulus posticus in Koreans. Yonsei Med J. 2009;50(1):45\u20139.","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2009.50.1.45"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamberty BG, Zivanovi\u0107 S. The retro-articular vertebral artery ring of the atlas and its significance. Acta Anat (Basel). 1973;85(1):113\u201322.","DOI":"10.1159\/000143987"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paraskevas G, Papaziogas B, Tsonidis C, Kapetanos G. Gross morphology of the bridges over the vertebral artery groove on the atlas. Surg Radiol Anat. 2005;27(2):129\u201336.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-004-0300-9"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_008","unstructured":"Leonardi R, Santarelli A, Barbato E, Ciavarella D, Bolouri S, H\u00e4rle F, et al. Atlanto-occipital ligament calcification: a novel sign in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Anticancer Res. 2010;30(10):4265\u20137."},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geist JR, Geist SM, Lin LM. A cone beam CT investigation of ponticulus posticus and lateralis in children and adolescents. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2014;43(5):20130451.","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20130451"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibelli D, Cappella A, Cerutti E, Spagnoli L, Dolci C, Sforza C. Prevalence of ponticulus posticus in a Northern Italian orthodontic population: a lateral cephalometric study. Surg Radiol Anat. 2016;38(3):309\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-015-1554-0"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giri J, Pokharel PR, Gyawali R. How common is ponticulus posticus on lateral cephalograms? BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):172.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2494-z"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayrakdar IS, Miloglu O, Altun O, Gumussoy I, Durna D, Yilmaz AB. Cone beam computed tomography imaging of ponticulus posticus: prevalence, characteristics, and a review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014;118(6):e210\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.09.014"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adisen MZ, Misirlioglu M. Prevalence of ponticulus posticus among patients with different dental malocclusions by digital lateral cephalogram: a comparative study. Surg Radiol Anat. 2017;39(3):293\u20137.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-016-1728-4"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayrakdar I, Milo\u011flu \u00d6, Ye\u015filtepe S, Y\u0131lmaz AB. Ponticulus posticus in a cohort of orthodontic children and adolescent patients with different sagittal skeletal anomalies: a comparative cone beam computed tomography investigation. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2018;77(1):65\u201371.","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2017.0075"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo Giudice A, Caccianiga G, Crimi S, Cavallini C, Leonardi R. Frequency and type of ponticulus posticus in a longitudinal sample of nonorthodontically treated patients: relationship with gender, age, skeletal maturity, and skeletal malocclusion. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018;126(3):291\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.05.001"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donald PM, Nagraj SK, Pallivathukkal RG, Ismail ARB. Ponticulus posticus of atlas vertebrae: an incidental finding in Malaysian orthodontic patients. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr-2017.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220851"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raposo R, Peleteiro B, Pa\u00e7o M, Pinho T. Orthodontic camouflage versus orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment in class II malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;47(4):445\u201355.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.09.003"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanas RJ, Carapezza L, Kanas SJ. Treatment classification of Class III malocclusion. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2008;33(2):175\u201385.","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.33.2.431877341u182416"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaya Y, \u00d6zta\u015f E, Goymen M, Keskin S. Sella turcica bridging and ponticulus posticus calcification in subjects with different dental anomalies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021;159(5):627\u201334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.11.024"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Putrino A, Leonardi RM, Barbato E, Galluccio G. The association between ponticulus posticus and dental agenesis: a retrospective study. Open Dent J. 2018;12:510\u20139.","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601812010510"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dadgar S, Alimohamadi M, Rajabi N, Rakhshan V, Sobouti F. Associations among palatal impaction of canine, sella turcica bridging, and ponticulus posticus (atlas arcuate foramen). Surg Radiol Anat. 2021;43(1):93\u20139.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-020-02548-x"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guarnieri R, German\u00f2 F, Altieri F, Cassetta M, Grenga C, Padalino G, et al. Predictive analysis of maxillary canine impaction through sella turcica bridging, ponticulus posticus calcification, and lateral incisor anomalies: a retrospective observational study. Methods Protoc. 2022;5(6):91.","DOI":"10.3390\/mps5060091"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vihlborg P, Pettersson H, Makdoumi K, Wikstr\u00f6m S, Bryngelsson IL, Selander J, et al. Carpal tunnel syndrome and hand-arm vibration: a swedish national registry case-control study. J Occup Environ Med. 2022;64(3):197\u2013201.","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002451"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najmuddin M. Prevalence of ponticulus posticus on the posterior arch of the atlas in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Oral Radiol. 2022;38(4):527\u201333.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-021-00583-x"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koutsouraki E, Avdelidi E, Michmizos D, Kapsali SE, Costa V, Baloyannis S. Kimmerle\u2019s anomaly as a possible causative factor of chronic tension-type headaches and neurosensory hearing loss: case report and literature review. Int J Neurosci. 2010;120(3):236\u20139.","DOI":"10.3109\/00207451003597193"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u0119kala PA, Henry BM, Phan K, P\u0119kala JR, Taterra D, Walocha JA, et al. Presence of a foramen arcuale as a possible cause for headaches and migraine: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2018;54:113\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.05.008"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_027","unstructured":"Tripodi D, Tieri M, Demartis P, Per\u00f2 G, Marzo G, D\u2019Ercole S. Ponticulus posticus: clinical and CBCT analysis in a young Italian population. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2019;20(3):219\u201323."},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNamara Jr JA, Franchi L. The cervical vertebral maturation method: A user\u2019s guide. Angle Orthod. 2018;88(2):133\u201343.","DOI":"10.2319\/111517-787.1"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haji Ghadimi M, Amini F, Hamedi S, Rakhshan V. Associations among sella turcica bridging, atlas arcuate foramen (ponticulus posticus) development, atlas posterior arch deficiency, and the occurrence of palatally displaced canine impaction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;151(3):513\u201320.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.08.024"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huggare J. Association between morphology of the first cervical vertebra, head posture, and craniofacial structures. Eur J Orthod. 1991;13(6):435\u201340.","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/13.6.435"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim KH, Park KW, Manh TH, Yeom JS, Chang BS, Lee CK. Prevalence and morphologic features of ponticulus posticus in koreans: analysis of 312 radiographs and 225 three-dimensional ct scans. Asian Spine J. 2007;1(1):27\u201331.","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2007.1.1.27"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong JT, Lee SW, Son BC, Sung JH, Yang SH, Kim IS, et al. Analysis of anatomical variations of bone and vascular structures around the posterior atlantal arch using three-dimensional computed tomography angiography. J Neurosurg Spine. 2008;8(3):230\u20136.","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI\/2008\/8\/3\/230"},{"key":"2024071509405021520_j_med-2024-0965_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taitz C, Nathan H. Some observations on the posterior and lateral bridge of the atlas. Acta Anat (Basel). 1986;127(3):212\u20137.","DOI":"10.1159\/000146284"}],"container-title":["Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2024-0965\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2024-0965\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T09:41:16Z","timestamp":1721036476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2024-0965\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/med-2024-0965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2024-0965","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5463"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2391-5463"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"article-number":"20240965"}}