{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:52:59Z","timestamp":1781520779708,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The World Health Organization (WHO) appeal of January 15, 2024, stated \u201cThe current number, size and concurrence of multiple outbreaks, the spread to areas free of cholera for decades and alarmingly high mortality rates present a major threat to global health security.\u201d The current state is extremely worrying, considering the difficulties of countries in dealing with cholera epidemics due to the lack of funding and the difficulty in oral cholera vaccine production and administration. This study aims to analyse the past and current influence of anthropization on cholera onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed the literature, particularly of the last 5 years, on the influence of human actions that impact the spread of cholera.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The epidemiological data published by WHO and the available literature highlight a strong impact of human actions on the epidemic spread of cholera, the government\u2019s difficulty in making decisions on epidemic prevention or containment, and the fear of the population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cholera should be considered an anthropogenic disaster, considering the historical health analysis of the cholera epidemics in Italy in the last two centuries and in southern Italy and in Naples in 1973.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2024-1029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T15:55:15Z","timestamp":1757001315000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cholera epidemiology analysis through the experience of the 1973 Naples epidemic"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Bifulco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Di Zazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cV. Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy"},{"name":"Cardarelli Hospital , Campobasso , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d , Naples , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Museum System of Siena (SIMUS), History of Medicine, University of Siena , Siena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061509580501346_j_med-2024-1029_ref_001","unstructured":"World Health Organization - WHO. Cholera: WHO Health Emergency Appeal 2024. 15 January 2024. www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/cholera-who-health-emergency-appeal-2024 (Accessed on: 25\/02\/2024)."},{"key":"2026061509580501346_j_med-2024-1029_ref_002","unstructured":"Martini M, Minet C, Orsini D. The specter of cholera in Libya and North Africa: Natural disasters and anthropization threaten human health during recent years. J Prev Med Hyg. 2023 Nov 1;64(3):E340\u20134. 10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2023.64.3.3102."},{"key":"2026061509580501346_j_med-2024-1029_ref_003","unstructured":"Orsini D, Martini M. The insidious return of cholera in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Lebanon and Syria: A worrying signal! Past, present, and future forthcoming. J Prev Med Hyg. 2023 May;64(1):E27\u201333. 10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2023.64.1.2910."},{"key":"2026061509580501346_j_med-2024-1029_ref_004","unstructured":"World Health Organization - WHO. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 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