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Here, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method to make a causal inference between CSOs and melanoma at the genetic level. Based on the publicly available genome-wide association study summary data, including childhood sunburn (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 346,955) and MIS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 218,792), the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method of the random effects model was used, supplemented by the MR-Egger method, the weighted median method, and the weighted mode method. IVW results showed a 2.58-fold increased risk of melanoma development for each standard deviation increase in CSOs (odds ratio [OR] = 3.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68\u20137.64; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 1.00 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>), with the MR-Egger (OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 1.65\u201313.75, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 5.60 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>), weighted median (OR = 4.89, 95% CI: 1.62\u201314.76, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 4.90 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>), and weighted mode (OR = 6.26, 95% CI: 2.49\u201315.77, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 3.00 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>) supporting the results. Furthermore, both the funnel plot and the MR-Egger intercepts showed the absence of directional pleiotropy between childhood sunburn and MIS. Our study confirmed that CSOs increase the risk of melanoma development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2024-1078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T11:41:08Z","timestamp":1732880468000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The causal effects of childhood sunburn occasions on melanoma: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People\u2019s Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou , Jiangsu, 213000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Changzhou , 213003 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No. 1 People\u2019s Hospital , Changshu , 215500, Jiangsu , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112912130064507_j_med-2024-1078_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A. 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