{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:12:31Z","timestamp":1777475551892,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the bone scintigraphy (BS) and positron emission tomography (PET) in the early diagnosis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) and their possible use in the identification of patients at risk for MRONJ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-one patients treated with ONJ-related drugs and who had undergone BS or PET for the evaluation of bone lesions were included in the study. The jaws of each patient were divided into four areas. For each area, the presence of pathological tracer uptake was evaluated and related to the eventual MRONJ development. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of both techniques were determined. The latency from the finding of pathological tracer uptake in BS or PET to the clinical diagnosis of MRONJ and the odds ratio were also calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sensitivity and specificity of BS for MRONJ prediction were, respectively, 83.3 and 87.5%. Positive and negative predictive values were, respectively, 73.2 and 92.8%. The odds ratio was 35. Sensitivity of PET was 33.3%, specificity was 94.9%, and positive and negative predictive values were 70.0 and 80.0%, respectively. The odds ratio was 9.333. All values were statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BS and PET may be accurate techniques for an early prediction of MRONJ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2025-1143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T03:31:05Z","timestamp":1739849465000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bone scintigraphy and positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of MRONJ"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Pergolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mohsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Tenore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaspare","family":"Palaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Via Caserta 6, 00161 , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Magnifico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Del Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Fede O, Panzarella V, Mauceri R, Fusco V, Bedogni A, Lo Muzio L, et al. The dental management of patients at risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: new paradigm of primary prevention. Biomed Res Int. 2018 Sep;2018:2684924.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2684924"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campisi G, Mauceri R, Bertoldo F, Bettini G, Biasotto M, Colella G, et al. Medication-related osteonecrosis of jaws (MRONJ) prevention and diagnosis: Italian consensus update 2020. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug;17(16):5998.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165998"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Aghaloo T, Carlson ER, Ward BB, Kademani D. American association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons\u2019 position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws-2022 update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 May;80(5):920\u201343.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2022.02.008"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicolatou-Galitis O, Schi\u00f8dt M, Mendes RA, Ripamonti C, Hope S, Drudge-Coates L, et al. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: definition and best practice for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2019 Feb;127(2):117\u201335.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.09.008"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drake MT, Clarke BL, Khosla S. Bisphosphonates: mechanism of action and role in clinical practice. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Sep;83(9):1032\u201345.","DOI":"10.4065\/83.9.1032"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watts NB. Bisphosphonate treatment of osteoporosis. Clin Geriatr Med. 2003 May;19(2):395\u2013414.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(02)00069-1"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Body JJ, Diel IJ, Lichinitzer M, Lazarev A, Pecherstorfer M, Bell R, et al. Oral ibandronate reduces the risk of skeletal complications in breast cancer patients with metastatic bone disease: results from two randomised, placebo-controlled phase III studies. Br J Cancer. 2004 Mar;90(6):1133\u20137.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601663"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cummings SR, San Martin J, McClung MR, Siris ES, Eastell R, Reid IR, et al. FREEDOM Trial. Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug;361(8):756\u201365.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809493"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stopeck AT, Lipton A, Body JJ, Steger GG, Tonkin K, de Boer RH, et al. Denosumab compared with zoledronic acid for the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer: a randomized, double-blind study. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Dec;28(35):5132\u20139.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.7101"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan AA, Morrison A, Hanley DA, Felsenberg D, McCauley LK, O\u2019Ryan F, et al. International task force on osteonecrosis of the jaw. Diagnosis and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic review and international consensus. J Bone Min Res. 2015 Jan;30(1):3\u201323.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2405"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedogni A, Mauceri R, Fusco V, Bertoldo F, Bettini G, Di Fede O, et al. Italian position paper (SIPMO-SICMF) on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Oral Dis. 2024 Sep;30(6):3679\u2013709.","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14887"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boffano P, Agnone AM, Neirotti F, Bonfiglio R, Brucoli M, Ruslin M, et al. Epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and management of MRONJ: a European multicenter study. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2024 Sep;125(5S1):101931.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2024.101931"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miksad RA, Lai KC, Dodson TB, Woo SB, Treister NS, Akinyemi O, et al. Quality of life implications of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw. Oncologist. 2011;16(1):121\u201332.","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0183"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenore G, Mohsen A, Rossi AF, Palaia G, Rocchetti F, Cassoni A, et al. Does medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw influence the quality of life of cancer patients? Biomedicines. 2020 Apr;8(4):95.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8040095"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsuchimochi M, Kurabayashi T. Symposium: Imaging modalities for drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (1), role of imaging in drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: an up-to-date review (secondary publication). Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2019 Nov;55(1):1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2018.11.004"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watanabe S, Nakajima K, Kinuya S. \u2606Symposium: Imaging modalities for drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (5), utility of bone scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET\/CT in early detection and risk assessment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (secondary publication). Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2019 Nov;55(1):76\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2018.12.002"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krasnow AZ, Hellman RS, Timins ME, Collier BD, Anderson T, Isitman AT. Diagnostic bone scanning in oncology. Semin Nucl Med. 1997 Apr;27(2):107\u201341.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2998(97)80043-8"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juweid ME, Cheson BD. Positron-emission tomography and assessment of cancer therapy. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb;354(5):496\u2013507.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050276"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong CM, Ahn BC, Choi SY, Kim DH, Lee SW, Kwon TG, et al. Implications of three-phase bone scintigraphy for the diagnosis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012 Sep;46(3):162\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-012-0144-x"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiandussi S, Biasotto M, Dore F, Cavalli F, Cova MA, Di Lenarda R. Clinical and diagnostic imaging of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006 Jul;35(4):236\u201343.","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/27458726"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lesclous P, Abi Najm S, Carrel JP, Baroukh B, Lombardi T, Willi JP, et al. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: a key role of inflammation? Bone. 2009 Nov;45(5):843\u201352.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.07.011"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Ryan FS, Khoury S, Liao W, Han MM, Hui RL, Baer D, et al. Intravenous bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: bone scintigraphy as an early indicator. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 Jul;67(7):1363\u201372.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.03.005"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas C, Spanidis M, Engel C, Roos FC, Frees S, Neisius A, et al. Bone scintigraphy predicts bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Clin Oral Investig. 2016 May;20(4):753\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1563-8"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleisher KE, Raad RA, Rakheja R, Gupta V, Chan KC, Friedman KP, et al. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography detects greater metabolic changes that are not represented by plain radiography for patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014 Oct;72(10):1957\u201365.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.04.017"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raje N, Woo SB, Hande K, Yap JT, Richardson PG, Vallet S, et al. Clinical, radiographic, and biochemical characterization of multiple myeloma patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Apr;14(8):2387\u201395.","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1430"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catalano L, Del Vecchio S, Petruzziello F, Fonti R, Salvatore B, Martorelli C, et al. Sestamibi and FDG-PET scans to support diagnosis of jaw osteonecrosis. Ann Hematol. 2007 Jun;86(6):415\u201323.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-007-0263-0"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_027","unstructured":"Fujimoto K, Norikane T, Yamamoto Y, Mitamura K, Takami Y, Okuda H, et al. The feasibility of focal 18F-FDG uptake as a predictor of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). J Nucl Med. 2020;61(Suppl. 1):1526."},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_028","unstructured":"Watanabe S, Nakajima K, Inokuchi M, Noguchi N, Kawashiri S, Mizokami A. The role of 18F-FDG PET\/CT in early detection and risk assessment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. J Nucl Med. 2017;58(Suppl. 1):305."},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belcher R, Boyette J, Pierson T, Siegel E, Bartel TB, Aniasse E, et al. What is the role of positron emission tomography in osteonecrosis of the jaws? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014 Feb;72(2):306\u201310.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.07.038"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilde F, Steinhoff K, Frerich B, Schulz T, Winter K, Hemprich A, et al. Positron-emission tomography imaging in the diagnosis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009 Mar;107(3):412\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.09.019"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitagawa Y, Ohga N, Asaka T, Sato J, Hata H, Helman J, et al. Imaging modalities for drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (3), Positron emission tomography imaging for the diagnosis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2019 Nov;55(1):65\u201370.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2018.12.001"},{"key":"2025122201305028492_j_med-2025-1143_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohsen M, Migliau G, Pergolini D, Romeo U, Palaia G. Accident due to incorrect selection of diode laser technique in the treatment of oral venous malformation. Case Rep Dent. 2023 Dec;2023:8817274. 10.1155\/2023\/8817274. PMID: 38106372; PMCID: PMC10723904.","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8817274"}],"container-title":["Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2025-1143\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2025-1143\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T01:39:20Z","timestamp":1766367560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2025-1143\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/med-2025-1143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2025-1143","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2391-5463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"article-number":"20251143"}}