{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T12:48:17Z","timestamp":1788526097130,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2025-1281_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus intermedius<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major human pathogen associated with invasive diseases such as meningitis and endocarditis. These infections may lead to inflammation, fever, and cardiac damage. At present, no effective vaccine exists for prevention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2025-1281_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to design a stable, non-allergenic, and antigenic chimeric multi-epitope vaccine against\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u00a0intermedius<\/jats:italic>\n                      using Immunoinformatics approaches.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2025-1281_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve B-cell, five helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and five cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes were predicted using advanced immunoinformatics tools. These epitopes were assembled into a single vaccine candidate. The construct was evaluated in\u00a0silico for its antigenicity, allergenicity, and physicochemical stability. A 3D structural model of the vaccine was generated and validated. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were conducted to assess interactions between the vaccine and immune receptors: TLR4, TLR3, MHC-I, and MHC-II.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2025-1281_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final vaccine candidate demonstrated favorable antigenic and non-allergenic properties, along with high stability. Structural validation confirmed proper folding. Docking analyses revealed strong binding affinities between the vaccine and target immune receptors. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated stable complexes, supporting the construct\u2019s immunological compatibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2025-1281_abs_005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The designed chimeric multi-epitope vaccine shows strong potential to elicit an immune response against\n                      <jats:italic>S.\u00a0intermedius<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These findings provide a foundation for further experimental validation through\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and clinical trials.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2025-1281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T21:07:27Z","timestamp":1773781647000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Developing an innovative chimeric multi-epitope subunit vaccine against\n                    <i>Staphylococcus intermedius<\/i>\n                    using an immunoinformatics strategy via Multi-omics approaches"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Naveed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Central Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9084-5009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furrmein","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Central Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarmad","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Central Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality , University of Ioannina Arta , 47132 , Arta , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimra","family":"Hanif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Central Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4289-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nausheen","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry , University of Malakand Chakdara , Dir Lower Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwag","family":"Shami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology , College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , P.O Box 84428 , Riyadh , 11671 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8453-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maher S.","family":"Alwethaynani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences , College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University , Alquwayiyah, Riyadh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fakhria A.","family":"Al-Joufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , College of Pharmacy, Jouf University , Aljouf , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bandar K.","family":"Baothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , King Abdulaziz University , Rabigh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8710-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Almaghrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21589 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Alhomrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031723003950884_j_med-2025-1281_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adkins, I, Holubova, J, Kosova, M, Sadilkova, L. 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