{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T05:40:44Z","timestamp":1773380444424,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2025-1348_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review describes the scientific evidence on drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) in kidney transplant patients treated with immunosuppressive agents, particularly Cyclosporine A, focusing on its prevalence, pathogenetic mechanisms, and clinical management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2025-1348_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, highlighting clinical studies and case reports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2025-1348_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DIGO is an oral complication in transplant patients treated with cyclosporine A, and its frequency may increase when combined with calcium channel blockers. However, tacrolimus has shown a lower incidence of DIGO compared with Cyclosporine A, making it a favorable therapeutic alternative in immunosuppressive regimens for renal transplant patients. Mycophenolate mofetil, despite being less directly linked to DIGO, can exacerbate gingival changes when combined with other immunosuppressants by promoting inflammation and connective tissue remodeling. Sirolimus is associated with a lower risk of DIGO compared with calcineurin inhibitors; however, some isolated cases have been reported, particularly in patients previously exposed to Cyclosporine A or when used in combination with calcium channel blockers. Management strategies include proper oral hygiene, dose adjustment or medication substitution, and, in some cases surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2025-1348_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Outlook<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fundamental keys to reducing its incidence and severity are a personalized immunosuppressive regimen with a multidisciplinary approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2025-1348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T21:58:33Z","timestamp":1773352713000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Drug-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplants patients"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0569-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Monserrat","family":"Lomel\u00ed-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Life Sciences , Centro Universitario de la Ci\u00e9nega, Universidad de Guadalajara , Ocotl\u00e1n , Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Well-being and Sustainable Development , Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara , Colotl\u00e1n , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1843-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher , Tijuana , BC , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0712-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Monta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Illness as an Individual and Collective Process , University Center of Tlajomulco, University of Guadalajara , Tlajomulco de Z\u00fa\u00f1iga , JAL , Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Integral Dental Clinics , Institute of Research in Dentistry, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6727-7969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Alarc\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Student in Molecular Biology and Medicine, Molecular Biology Department , University Center of Health Sciences, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , JAL , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3801-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Varela Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Life Sciences , Centro Universitario de la Ci\u00e9nega, Universidad de Guadalajara , Ocotl\u00e1n , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1645-8705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n Fernando","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Life Sciences , Centro Universitario de la Ci\u00e9nega, Universidad de Guadalajara , Ocotl\u00e1n , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Gomez-Mireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Dentistry Clinics , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian Ram\u00edrez","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Life Sciences , Centro Universitario de la Ci\u00e9nega, Universidad de Guadalajara , Ocotl\u00e1n , Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery , Hospital General de Occidente , Zapopan , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8131-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erandis Dheni","family":"Torres-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Life Sciences , Centro Universitario de la Ci\u00e9nega, Universidad de Guadalajara , Ocotl\u00e1n , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031221582819123_j_med-2025-1348_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bajkovec, L, Mrzljak, A, Likic, R, Alajbeg, I. 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