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Anxiety and depression frequently co-occur with chronic medical conditions like DM and DR, impacting their onset, course, and prognosis. This study aimed to examine the link between anxiety, depression, DR, and macular changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1377_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinic for Ophthalmology, University Clinical Center Ni\u0161, Serbia, involving 80 adult participants, na\u00efve to psychiatric and invasive ophthalmological therapy, divided into two groups: 40 patients with DR, and 40 healthy controls. Ophthalmic examinations, biochemical measurements, and assessments of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1377_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results indicated that patients with DR had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression compared to controls. The study found no significant correlation between HADS and MADRS scores with patients\u2019 gender, type of therapy, or the type of DR. However, a higher HADS and MADRS score was observed in patients with left-side OCT macular\u00a0edema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1377_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the complex interaction between psychiatric disorders and somatic illnesses, emphasizing the need for comprehensive care strategies that address both physical and mental health to improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2026-1377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T17:11:27Z","timestamp":1772730687000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Linking diabetic retinal changes with the occurrence of anxiety and depression in working population"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7149-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja P.","family":"Ceki\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ni\u0161 , Ni\u0161 , Serbia"},{"name":"Clinics for Ophthalmology , University Clinical Centre Ni\u0161 , Ni\u0161 , Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9918-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dijana S.","family":"Risimi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maja M.","family":"Simonovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ni\u0161 , Ni\u0161 , Serbia"},{"name":"Center for Mental Health Protection , University Clinical Centre Ni\u0161 , Ni\u0161 , Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikola M.","family":"Stojanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mental Health Protection , University Clinical Centre Ni\u0161 , Ni\u0161 , Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ignjatovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ni\u0161 , Ni\u0161 , Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030517112422400_j_med-2026-1377_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kropp, M, Golubnitschaja, O, Mazurakova, A, Koklesova, L, Sargheini, N, Vo, TKS, et al.. 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