{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T13:26:51Z","timestamp":1771594011696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1382_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects of swimming on bone loss and the OPG\/RANKL\/RANK pathway in ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic\u00a0rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1382_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty female SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a ovariectomized osteoporosis group, a short-duration exercise group, and a long-duration exercise group. Bone volume fraction (BV\/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and trabecular number (Tb.N) of bone tissue were measured by Micro-CT. The expression of human C-terminal peptide collagen type I (CTX-\u2160), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and serum bone glycoprotein (BGP) were measured by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression of OPG, RANKL, and RANK in bone tissue were detected by qRT-PCR and Western bolt, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1382_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After swimming treatment, compared with the ovariectomized osteoporosis group, BV\/TV, BMD, Tb.Th, and Tb.N increased, while Tb.Sp decreased; CTX-\u2160, TRAP-5b, BGP, and BALP levels decreased. OPG mRNA and protein expression increased, while RANKL and RANK decreased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1382_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Swimming training alleviated ovariectomy-induced bone loss and was accompanied by a shift of the OPG\/RANKL\/RANK axis toward an anti-resorptive profile, suggesting that modulation of this pathway may contribute to the bone-protective effects of swimming. Further functional studies are warranted to test causality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2026-1382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:57:53Z","timestamp":1771592273000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of swimming on bone loss and mechanisms in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yingying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education , Hainan Medical University , Haikou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3465-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University , Haikou , Hainan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine & Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University , Haikou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UWE College of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education , Hainan Medical University , Haikou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Huanghe S & T University , Zhengzhou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8836-1668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine & Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University , Haikou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022012574881841_j_med-2026-1382_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rachner, TD, Khosla, S, Hofbauer, LC. 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