{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:05:16Z","timestamp":1787061916549,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1407_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mitochondrial dysfunction connects obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We conducted a scoping review on mitochondria in obesity to (i)\u00a0describe morpho-functional mitochondrial abnormalities across tissues and (ii) summarize mitochondria-directed lifestyle and pharmacological strategies and their metabolic effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1407_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed and Web of Science were searched, using relevant keywords. English-language original studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews were qualitatively synthesized in a scoping review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews and prospectively registered in the Open Science Framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1407_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty primary articles and cross-references describe nutrient overload-induced oxidative stress, disturbed mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, and maladaptive endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contacts across various organ tissues and cancer. These changes are associated with insulin resistance, steatotic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular dysfunction, impaired fertility, and tumor progression. Reported interventions include mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, AMPK\/SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1 activators, modulators of ER-mitochondria coupling, microbiota-directed approaches, and lifestyle changes. Common mitochondrial signatures, excess reactive species, impaired quality control, and altered organelle crosstalk, underlie systemic metabolic derangement, supporting mitochondria as a unifying therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1407_abs_005\">\n                    <jats:title>Outlook<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity involves widespread mitochondrial changes in various organs. Approaches that improve mitochondrial health through lifestyle and medication may help manage obesity complications and need thorough clinical testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2026-1407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T23:39:36Z","timestamp":1775864376000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mitochondrial medicine in obesity: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9886-0698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amedeo","family":"Lonardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AOU Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara (-2023) , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Weiskirchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy, and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen , Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_001","unstructured":"World Obesity. Prevalence of obesity. Available from: https:\/\/www.worldobesity.org\/about\/about-obesity\/prevalence-of-obesity [Accessed 19 November 2025]."},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_002","unstructured":"United Nations. Over one billion obese people globally, health crisis must be reversed\u00a0\u2013\u00a0WHO. Available from: https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2022\/03\/1113312 [Accessed 19 November 2025]."},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olivares-Vicente, M, Herranz-L\u00f3pez, M. The interplay between oxidative stress and lipid composition in obesity-induced inflammation: antioxidants as therapeutic agents in metabolic diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2025;26:8544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26178544.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178544"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavaliere, G, Cimmino, F, Trinchese, G, Catapano, A, Petrella, L, D\u2019Angelo, M, et al.. From obesity-induced low-grade inflammation to lipotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction: altered multi-crosstalk between adipose tissue and metabolically active organs. Antioxidants 2023;12:1172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12061172.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061172"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L, Zhou, X, Lu, T. Role of mitochondria in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy. Mol Biomed 2025;6:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43556-025-00284-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00284-5"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palma, FR, Gantner, BN, Sakiyama, MJ, Kayzuka, C, Shukla, S, Lacchini, R, et al.. ROS production by mitochondria: function or dysfunction? Oncogene 2024;43:295\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41388-023-02907-z.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-023-02907-z"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jomova, K, Raptova, R, Alomar, SY, Alwasel, SH, Nepovimova, E, Kuca, K, et al.. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol 2023;97:2499\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parlakg\u00fcl, G, Pang, S, Artico, LL, Min, N, Cagampan, E, Villa, R, et al.. Spatial mapping of hepatic ER and mitochondria architecture reveals zonated remodeling in fasting and obesity. Nat Commun 2024;15:3982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-48272-7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48272-7"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arruda, AP, Parlakg\u00fcl, G. Endoplasmic reticulum architecture and inter-organelle communication in metabolic health and disease. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol 2023;15:a041261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a041261.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041261"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vezza, T, Abad-Jim\u00e9nez, Z, Marti-Cabrera, M, Rocha, M, V\u00edctor, VM. Microbiota-mitochondria inter-talk: a potential therapeutic strategy in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Antioxidants 2020;9:848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9090848.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090848"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, P, Dutta, S, Dutta, K, Bhattacharjee, P, Hazra, A, Jash, R. Interconnection between gut microbial metabolites and mitochondrial ROS production: implications for cellular health. Mol Cell Biochem 2025;30:41\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-025-05397-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-025-05397-7"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukhopadhya, I, Louis, P. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and their role in human health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2025;23:635\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-025-01183-w.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01183-w"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fairley, LH, Das, S, Dharwal, V, Amorim, N, Hegarty, KJ, Wadhwa, R, et al.. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as a therapeutic strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Antioxidants 2023;12:973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12040973.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040973"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palabiyik, AA, Palabiyik, E. Pharmacological approaches to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis: focus on PGC-1\u0391, AMPK, and SIRT1 in cellular health. Mol Biol Rep 2025;52:270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-025-10368-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-10368-8"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, SJ, Ahmad, F, Bahde, RJ, Philp, A, Kim, J, Huang, T, et al.. Potent PDE4 inhibitor activates AMPK and Sirt1 to induce mitochondrial biogenesis. PLoS One 2021;16:e0253269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0253269.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253269"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaqub, MO, Jain, A, Joseph, CE, Edison, LK. Microbiome-driven therapeutics: from gut health to precision medicine. Gastrointest Dis 2025;7:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gidisord7010007.","DOI":"10.3390\/gidisord7010007"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tricco, AC, Lillie, E, Zarin, W, O\u2019Brien, KK, Colquhoun, H, Levac, D, et al.. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med 2018;169:467\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-0850.","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W, Zhao, H, Li, Y. Mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease: mechanisms and potential targets. Signal Transduct Targeted Ther 2023;8:333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01547-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01547-9"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roger, AJ, Mu\u00f1oz-G\u00f3mez, SA, Kamikawa, R. The origin and diversification of mitochondria. Curr Biol 2017;27:R1177\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2017.09.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.09.015"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lafargue, E, Duneau, JP, Buzhinsky, N, Ornelas, P, Ortega, A, Ravishankar, V, et al.. Membrane lipid composition modulates the organization of VDAC1, a mitochondrial gatekeeper. Commun Biol 2025;8:936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-025-08311-5.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08311-5"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_021","unstructured":"Yekta, MM. Complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). Available from: https:\/\/sciencecodons.com\/1439-complexes-electron-transport-chain\/[Accessed 19 November 2025]."},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_022","unstructured":"Cooper, GM. The cell: a molecular approach. In: The mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation, 2nd ed. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK9885\/."},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boniecki, MT, Freibert, SA, M\u00fchlenhoff, U, Lill, R, Cygler, M. Structure and functional dynamics of the mitochondrial Fe\/S cluster synthesis complex. Nat Commun 2017;8:1287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-017-01497-1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01497-1"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedroletti, L, Moseler, A, Meyer, AJ. Assembly, transfer, and fate of mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters. J\u00a0Exp Bot 2023;74:3328\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/erad062.","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erad062"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindsay, RT, Rhodes, CJ. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in metabolic disease-don\u2019t shoot the metabolic messenger. Int J Mol Sci 2025;26:2622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26062622.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062622"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalak, KP, Michalak, AZ. Understanding chronic inflammation: couplings between cytokines, ROS, NO, Cai2+, HIF-1\u03b1, Nrf2 and autophagy. Front Immunol 2025;16:1558263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1558263.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1558263"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jomova, K, Alomar, SY, Alwasel, SH, Nepovimova, E, Kuca, K, Valko, M. Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants. Arch Toxicol 2024;98:1323\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03696-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03696-4"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammad, M, Raftari, M, Ces\u00e1rio, R, Salma, R, Godoy, P, Emami, SN, et al.. Roles of oxidative stress and Nrf2 signaling in pathogenic and non-pathogenic cells: a possible general mechanism of resistance to therapy. Antioxidants 2023;12:1371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12071371.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12071371"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z, Huang, Q, Zhao, D, Lian, F, Li, X, Qi, W. The impact of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction on diabetic microvascular complications. Front Endocrinol 2023;14:1112363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1112363.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1112363"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, Y, Hu, C, Wang, B, Liu, X, Wu, Q, Xu, D, et al.. Mitochondrial reverse electron transport: mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and therapeutic potential. Biology 2025;14:1140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology14091140.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14091140"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Arcy, MS. Mitophagy in health and disease. Molecular mechanisms, regulatory pathways, and therapeutic implications. Apoptosis 2024;29:1415\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10495-024-01977-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-024-01977-y"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iorio, R, Celenza, G, Petricca, S. Mitophagy: molecular mechanisms, new concepts on Parkin activation and the emerging role of AMPK\/ULK1 axis. Cells 2021;11:30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11010030.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010030"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamashita, SI, Arai, R, Hada, H, Padman, BS, Lazarou, M, Chan, DC, et al.. The mitophagy receptors BNIP3 and NIX mediate tight attachment and expansion of the isolation membrane to mitochondria. J\u00a0Cell Biol 2025;224:e202408166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.202408166.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202408166"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zanfardino, P, Amati, A, Perrone, M, Petruzzella, V. The balance of MFN2 and OPA1 in mitochondrial dynamics, cellular homeostasis, and disease. Biomolecules 2025;15:433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15030433.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15030433"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T\u00e1bara, LC, Segawa, M, Prudent, J. Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2025;26:123\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-024-00785-1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00785-1"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J, Li, D, Zhou, L, Li, Y, Xi, Q, Zhang, L, et al.. The role of mitochondria-associated ER membranes in disease pathology: protein complex and therapeutic targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2025;13:1629568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2025.1629568.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1629568"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bui, V, Santerre, M, Shcherbik, N, Sawaya, BE. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs): molecular organization, cellular functions, and their role in health and disease. FEBS Open Bio 2025;16:11\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2211-5463.70121.","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.70121"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelo, D, Vecellio Reane, D, Raffaello, A. Neither too much nor too little: mitochondrial calcium concentration as a balance between physiological and pathological conditions. Front Mol Biosci 2023;10:1336416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1336416.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1336416"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasai, S, Shimizu, S, Tatara, Y, Mimura, J, Itoh, K. Regulation of Nrf2 by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology and pathology. Biomolecules 2020;10:320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom10020320.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020320"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forrester, SJ, Kikuchi, DS, Hernandes, MS, Xu, Q, Griendling, KK. Reactive oxygen species in metabolic and inflammatory signaling. Circ Res 2018;122:877\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311401.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311401"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, MB, Lee, J, Lee, JY. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disease by bioactive food components. J\u00a0Lipid Atheroscler 2024;13:306\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12997\/jla.2024.13.3.306.","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2024.13.3.306"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anselme, M, He, H, Lai, C, Luo, W, Zhong, S. Targeting mitochondrial transporters and metabolic reprogramming for disease treatment. J\u00a0Transl Med 2025;23:1111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06976-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06976-4"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tumova, J, Andel, M, Trnka, J. Excess of free fatty acids as a cause of metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Physiol Res 2016;65:193\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.932993.","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932993"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozlov, AV, Javadov, S, Sommer, N. Cellular ROS and antioxidants: physiological and pathological role. Antioxidants 2024;13:602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13050602.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13050602"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nathan, C, Cunningham-Bussel, A. Beyond oxidative stress: an immunologist\u2019s guide to reactive oxygen species. Nat Rev Immunol 2013;13:349\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri3423.","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3423"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vercellino, I, Sazanov, LA. The assembly, regulation and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022;23:141\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-021-00415-0.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00415-0"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bochkova, ZV, Baizhumanov, AA, Yusipovich, AI, Morozova, KI, Nikelshparg, EI, Fedotova, AA, et al.. The flexible chain: regulation of structure and activity of ETC complexes defines rate of ATP synthesis and sites of superoxide generation. Biophys Rev 2025;17:55\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12551-025-01270-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-025-01270-5"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, W, Jiang, L. Dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism in obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Front Endocrinol 2019;10:570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00570.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00570"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narendra, DP, Youle, RJ. The role of PINK1-Parkin in mitochondrial quality control. Nat Cell Biol 2024;26:1639\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41556-024-01513-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-024-01513-9"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schroder, K, Zhou, R, Tschopp, J. The NLRP3 inflammasome: a sensor for metabolic danger? Science 2010;327:296\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1184003.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184003"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, WB, Sheng, R. The correlation between mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) and Ca2+ transport in the pathogenesis of diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2025;46:271\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-024-01359-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01359-9"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fletcher, JA, Deja, S, Satapati, S, Fu, X, Burgess, SC, Browning, JD. Impaired ketogenesis and increased acetyl-CoA oxidation promote hyperglycemia in human fatty liver. JCI Insight 2019;5:e127737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.127737.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.127737"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, S, Mukhuty, A, Mullen, GP, Rudolph, MC. Adipocyte mitochondria: deciphering energetic functions across fat depots in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25:6681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25126681.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126681"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldini, F, Fabbri, R, Eberhagen, C, Voci, A, Portincasa, P, Zischka, H, et al.. Adipocyte hypertrophy parallels alterations of mitochondrial status in a cell model for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Life Sci 2021;265:118812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118812.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118812"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, B, Sultana, R, Greene, MW. Adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese. Biomed Pharmacother 2021;137:111315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111315"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziqubu, K, Dludla, PV, Mthembu, SXH, Nkambule, BB, Mabhida, SE, Jack, BU, et al.. An insight into brown\/beige adipose tissue whitening, a metabolic complication of obesity with the multifactorial origin. Front Endocrinol 2023;14:1114767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1114767.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1114767"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, X, Hu, J, He, G, Chen, J, Yang, Y, Qin, D, et al.. Loss of APOO (MIC26) aggravates obesity-related whitening of brown adipose tissue via PPAR\u03b1-mediated functional interplay between mitochondria and peroxisomes. Metabolism 2023;144:155564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155564.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155564"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, MK, Son, Y, Jung, MH. ATF3 plays a role in adipocyte hypoxia-mediated mitochondria dysfunction in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013;431:421\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.12.154.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.12.154"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6ttl, T, Pachl, F, Giesbertz, P, Daniel, H, Kuster, B, Fromme, T, et al.. Proteomic and metabolite profiling reveals profound structural and metabolic reorganization of adipocyte mitochondria in obesity. Obesity 2020;28:590\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22737.","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22737"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinonen, S, Muniandy, M, Buzkova, J, Mardinoglu, A, Rodr\u00edguez, A, Fr\u00fchbeck, G, et al.. Mitochondria-related transcriptional signature is downregulated in adipocytes in obesity: a study of young healthy MZ twins. Diabetologia 2017;60:169\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-016-4121-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4121-2"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colangeli, L, Escobar Marcillo, DI, Simonelli, V, Iorio, E, Rinaldi, T, Sbraccia, P, et al.. The crosstalk between gut microbiota and white adipose tissue mitochondria in obesity. Nutrients 2023;15:1723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15071723.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071723"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Handayani, D, Handayani, A, Rudijanto, A, Nuraissa, P, Rahmawati, W, Huang, XF. Effects of brown rice, meal replacements, and anti-obesity drugs on mitochondria in Obese rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2025;18:3151\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DMSO.S535983.","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S535983"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00e9gnier, M, Van Hul, M, Roumain, M, Paquot, A, de Wouters d\u2019Oplinter, A, Suriano, F, et al.. Inulin increases the beneficial effects of rhubarb supplementation on high-fat high-sugar diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice: impact on energy expenditure, brown adipose tissue activity, and microbiota. Gut Microbes 2023;15:2178796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2178796.","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2178796"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fontes, A, Alemany-Pag\u00e8s, M, Oliveira, PJ, Ramalho-Santos, J, Zischka, H, Azul, AM. Antioxidant versus pro-apoptotic effects of mushroom-enriched diets on mitochondria in liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:3987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20163987.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20163987"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crescenzo, R, Mazzoli, A, Di Luccia, B, Bianco, F, Cancelliere, R, Cigliano, L, et al.. Dietary fructose causes defective insulin signalling and ceramide accumulation in the liver that can be reversed by gut microbiota modulation. Food Nutr Res 2017;61:1331657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16546628.2017.1331657.","DOI":"10.1080\/16546628.2017.1331657"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chait, A, den Hartigh, LJ. Adipose tissue distribution, inflammation and its metabolic consequences, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020;7:22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00022.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00022"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lecoutre, S, Cl\u00e9ment, K, Dugail, I. Obesity-related adipose tissue remodeling in the light of extracellular mitochondria transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23:632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23020632.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020632"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kriebs, A. Adipocyte to macrophage mitochondria transfer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021;17:132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-020-00463-0.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00463-0"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brestoff, JR, Wilen, CB, Moley, JR, Li, Y, Zou, W, Malvin, NP, et al.. Intercellular mitochondria transfer to macrophages regulates white adipose tissue homeostasis and is impaired in obesity. Cell Metab 2021;33:270\u201382.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.11.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.11.008"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelley, DE, He, J, Menshikova, EV, Ritov, VB. Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002;51:2944\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diabetes.51.10.2944.","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.10.2944"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ritov, VB, Menshikova, EV, Azuma, K, Wood, R, Toledo, FG, Goodpaster, BH, et al.. Deficiency of electron transport chain in human skeletal muscle mitochondria in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010;298:E49\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00317.2009.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00317.2009"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahwah, N, Kras, KA, Roust, LR, Katsanos, CS. Subpopulation-specific differences in skeletal muscle mitochondria in humans with obesity: insights from studies employing acute nutritional and exercise stimuli. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020;318:E538\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00463.2019.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00463.2019"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pileggi, CA, Parmar, G, Harper, ME. The lifecycle of skeletal muscle mitochondria in obesity. Obes Rev 2021;22:e13164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13164.","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13164"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eshima, H. Influence of obesity and type 2 diabetes on calcium handling by skeletal muscle: spotlight on the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Front Physiol 2021;12:758316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.758316.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.758316"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kras, KA, Langlais, PR, Hoffman, N, Roust, LR, Benjamin, TR, De Filippis, EA, et al.. Obesity modifies the stoichiometry of mitochondrial proteins in a way that is distinct to the subcellular localization of the mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2018;89:18\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.09.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.09.006"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thoudam, T, Ha, CM, Leem, J, Chanda, D, Park, JS, Kim, HJ, et al.. PDK4 augments ER-Mitochondria contact to dampen skeletal muscle insulin signaling during obesity. Diabetes 2019;68:571\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db18-0363.","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0363"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, JH, Zhang, D, Kwak, SE, Shin, HE, Song, W. Effects of exercise and a high-fat, high-sucrose restriction diet on metabolic indicators, Nr4a3, and mitochondria-associated protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice with diet-induced obesity. J\u00a0Obes Metab Syndr 2021;30:44\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7570\/jomes20043.","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes20043"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vernochet, C, Kahn, CR. Mitochondria, obesity and aging. Aging 2012;4:859\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.100518.","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100518"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fazakerley, DJ, Minard, AY, Krycer, JR, Thomas, KC, St\u00f6ckli, J, Harney, DJ, et al.. Mitochondrial oxidative stress causes insulin resistance without disrupting oxidative phosphorylation. J\u00a0Biol Chem 2018;293:7315\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.RA117.001254.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA117.001254"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salminen, A, Kaarniranta, K, Kauppinen, A. Inflammaging: disturbed interplay between autophagy and inflammasomes. Aging 2012;4:166\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.100444.","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100444"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conte, M, Martucci, M, Chiariello, A, Franceschi, C, Salvioli, S. Mitochondria, immunosenescence and inflammaging: a role for mitokines? Semin Immunopathol 2020;42:607\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-020-00813-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00813-0"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, HY, Weng, SW, Shen, FC, Chang, YH, Lian, WS, Hsieh, CH, et al.. Abrogation of toll-like receptor 4 mitigates obesity-induced oxidative stress, proinflammation, and insulin resistance through metabolic reprogramming of mitochondria in adipose tissue. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020;33:66\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2019.7737.","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7737"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Serrano, M, Camafeita, E, L\u00f3pez, JA, Rubio, MA, Bret\u00f3n, I, Garc\u00eda-Consuegra, I, et al.. Differential proteomic and oxidative profiles unveil dysfunctional protein import to adipocyte mitochondria in obesity-associated aging and diabetes. Redox Biol 2017;11:415\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2016.12.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2016.12.013"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarparanta, J, Garc\u00eda-Macia, M, Singh, R. Autophagy and mitochondria in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2017;13:352\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573399812666160217122530.","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399812666160217122530"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kische, H, Gross, S, Wallaschofski, H, V\u00f6lzke, H, D\u00f6rr, M, Nauck, M, et al.. Clinical correlates of sex hormones in women: the study of health in Pomerania. Metabolism 2016;65:1286\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.05.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.05.011"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiskirchen, R, Lonardo, A. Sex hormones and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 2025;26:9594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26199594.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199594"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Granillo, M, Savva, C, Li, X, Fitch, M, Pedrelli, M, Hellerstein, M, et al.. ER\u03b2 activation in obesity improves whole body metabolism via adipose tissue function and enhanced mitochondria biogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019;479:147\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2018.10.007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.10.007"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, S, Hao, D, Ma, W, Liu, L, Gao, J, Yao, P, et al.. Dysfunctional mitochondria clearance in\u00a0situ: mitophagy in obesity and diabetes-associated cardiometabolic diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2024;48:503\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4093\/dmj.2023.0213.","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2023.0213"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayden, MR. The mighty mitochondria are unifying organelles and metabolic hubs in multiple organs of obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes: an observational ultrastructure study. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23:4820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23094820.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094820"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dos Reis Araujo, T, da Silva Junior, JA, Alves, BL, Guimar\u00e3es, DSPSF, Barreto, LM, Muniz, MRR, et al.. Disruption of mitochondria-associated membranes contributes to the dysregulation of insulin secretion in undernutrition, obesity, and double burden of malnutrition. Metabolism 2025;173:156393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2025.156393.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2025.156393"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munusamy, S, do Carmo, JM, Hosler, JP, Hall, JE. Obesity-induced changes in kidney mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the presence or absence of leptin. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 2015;309:F731\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00188.2015.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00188.2015"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szeto, HH, Liu, S, Soong, Y, Alam, N, Prusky, GT, Seshan, SV. Protection of mitochondria prevents high-fat diet-induced glomerulopathy and proximal tubular injury. Kidney Int 2016;90:997\u20131011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2016.06.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.06.013"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niemann, B, Chen, Y, Teschner, M, Li, L, Silber, RE, Rohrbach, S. Obesity induces signs of premature cardiac aging in younger patients: the role of mitochondria. J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:577\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.040.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.040"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez-Abundis, E, Rajapurohitam, V, Haist, JV, Gan, XT, Karmazyn, M. The obesity-related peptide leptin sensitizes cardiac mitochondria to calcium-induced permeability transition pore opening and apoptosis. PLoS One 2012;7:e41612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0041612.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041612"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lonardo, A, Weiskirchen, R. Liver and obesity: a narrative review. Explor Med 2025;6:1001334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37349\/emed.2025.1001334.","DOI":"10.37349\/emed.2025.1001334"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palma, E, Ma, X, Riva, A, Iansante, V, Dhawan, A, Wang, S, et al.. Dynamin-1-Like protein inhibition drives megamitochondria formation as an adaptive response in alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Am J Pathol 2019;189:580\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.11.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.11.008"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caldwell, SH, Swerdlow, RH, Khan, EM, Iezzoni, JC, Hespenheide, EE, Parks, JK, et al.. Mitochondrial abnormalities in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J\u00a0Hepatol 1999;31:430\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0168-8278(99)80033-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80033-6"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamada, T, Murata, D, Adachi, Y, Itoh, K, Kameoka, S, Igarashi, A, et al.. Mitochondrial stasis reveals p62-Mediated ubiquitination in parkin-independent mitophagy and mitigates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Metab 2018;28:588\u2013604.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.06.014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.06.014"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamada, T, Murata, D, Kleiner, DE, Anders, R, Rosenberg, AZ, Kaplan, J, et al.. Prevention and regression of megamitochondria and steatosis by blocking mitochondrial fusion in the liver. iScience 2022;25:103996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103996.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103996"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arruda, AP, Pers, BM, Parlakg\u00fcl, G, G\u00fcney, E, Inouye, K, Hotamisligil, GS. Chronic enrichment of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity. Nat Med 2014;20:1427\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.3735.","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3735"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W, Yamashita, T, Tian, F, Morimoto, N, Ikeda, Y, Deguchi, K, et al.. Mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins expression dynamically change in a murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Curr Neurovascular Res 2013;10:222\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/15672026113109990060.","DOI":"10.2174\/15672026113109990060"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, Y, Li, Z, Cai, P, Li, W, Xu, Y, Zhao, Y, et al.. Megamitochondria plasticity: function transition from adaption to disease. Mitochondrion 2023;71:64\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mito.2023.06.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2023.06.001"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greatorex, S, Kaur, S, Xirouchaki, CE, Goh, PK, Wiede, F, Genders, AJ, et al.. Mitochondria- and NOX4-dependent antioxidant defense mitigates progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity. J\u00a0Clin Investig 2023;134:e162533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI162533.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI162533"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, L, An, X, Xiao, Y, Sun, X, Li, S, Wang, Y, et al.. Mitochondrial-related microRNAs and their roles in cellular senescence. Front Physiol 2024;14:1279548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1279548.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1279548"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, J, Qin, Y, Ren, J, Lu, C, Wang, R, Dai, X, et al.. Mitochondria-related miR-141-3p contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in HFD-induced obesity by inhibiting PTEN. Sci Rep 2015;5:16262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep16262.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16262"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricchi, M, Odoardi, MR, Carulli, L, Anzivino, C, Ballestri, S, Pinetti, A, et al.. Differential effect of oleic and palmitic acid on lipid accumulation and apoptosis in cultured hepatocytes. J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:830\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05733.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05733.x"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lonardo, A, Jamalinia, C, Weiskirchen, R. Sex differences in MASLD. Preprints ID: preprints-2025-738.","DOI":"10.20517\/scierxiv202511.0738.v1"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrios-Maya, MA, Ruiz-Ram\u00edrez, A, Quezada, H, C\u00e9spedes Acu\u00f1a, CL, El-Hafidi, M. Palmitoyl-CoA effect on cytochrome c release, a key process of apoptosis, from liver mitochondria of rat with sucrose diet-induced obesity. Food Chem Toxicol 2021;154:112351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112351.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112351"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morais, MJ, Rodrigues, SGF, Yoshida, T, Am\u00e2ncio Daniel da Silva, M, Raquel Mar\u00e7al Natali, M, Francisco, VBP, et al.. The role of mitochondria in sex-dependent differences in hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in response to cafeteria diet-induced obesity in mice. Nutrients 2019;11:1618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11071618.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071618"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H, Xie, C, Spencer, HJ, Zuo, C, Higuchi, M, Ranganathan, G, et al.. Obesity and hepatosteatosis in mice with enhanced oxidative DNA damage processing in mitochondria. Am J Pathol 2011;178:1715\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.12.038.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.12.038"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lonardo, A. Association of NAFLD\/NASH, and MAFLD\/MASLD with chronic kidney disease: an updated narrative review. Metab Target Organ Damage 2024;4:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/mtod.2024.07.","DOI":"10.20517\/mtod.2024.07"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo, CY, Kc, R, Kim, M, Kim, HS, Baek, JY, Koh, EH. Autophagic flux defect in diabetic kidney disease results in megamitochondria formation in podocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020;521:660\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.10.132.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.10.132"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stachowicz, A, Czepiel, K, Wi\u015bniewska, A, Stachyra, K, Ulatowska-Bia\u0142as, M, Ku\u015bnierz-Cabala, B, et al.. Mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide donor reduces fatty liver and obesity in mice fed a high fat diet by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis and inflammation via mTOR\/SREBP-1 and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2024;209:107428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107428.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107428"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellanti, F, Lo Buglio, A, Vendemiale, G. Hepatic mitochondria-gut microbiota interactions in metabolism-associated fatty liver disease. Metabolites 2023;13:322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo13030322.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13030322"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kankanam, GSU, Morimoto, Y. Significance of mitochondrial dynamics in reproductive physiology: current and emerging Horizons in mitochondrial therapy for assisted reproductive technologies. Reprod Med Biol 2025;24:e12672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmb2.12672.","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12672"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ridler, C. Obesity: inheritance via mitochondria. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016;12:497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2016.108.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.108"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marei, WFA, Xhonneux, I, Buydens, A, Pintelon, I, Meulders, B, Andries, S, et al.. The impact of maternal diet-induced obesity on offspring primordial oocyte mitochondria at birth and at weaning. Mol Hum Reprod 2025;31:gaaf044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/gaaf044.","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaaf044"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, HL, Pan, ZN, Ju, JQ, Ji, YM, Wang, Y, Sun, SC. Formin INF2 supplementation alleviates cytoskeleton-based mitochondria defects for oocyte quality under obesity. Free Radic Biol Med 2025;233:250\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.04.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.04.003"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saben, JL, Boudoures, AL, Asghar, Z, Thompson, A, Drury, A, Zhang, W, et al.. Maternal metabolic syndrome programs mitochondrial dysfunction via germline changes across three generations. Cell Rep 2016;16:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.05.065.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.05.065"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boudoures, AL, Saben, J, Drury, A, Scheaffer, S, Modi, Z, Zhang, W, et al.. Obesity-exposed oocytes accumulate and transmit damaged mitochondria due to an inability to activate mitophagy. Dev Biol 2017;426:126\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.04.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.04.005"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mand\u00f2, C, Anelli, GM, Novielli, C, Panina-Bordignon, P, Massari, M, Mazzocco, MI, et al.. Impact of obesity and hyperglycemia on placental mitochondria. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018;2018:2378189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/2378189.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2378189"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q, Chen, X, Li, X, Han, L, Xiao, Z. Dapagliflozin alleviated obesity-related follicular development dysfunction by regulating glucose metabolism and mitochondria function in granulosa cells. J\u00a0Nutr Biochem 2025;147:110126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110126.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110126"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_123","unstructured":"Davoodi, SH, Malek-Shahabi, T, Malekshahi-Moghadam, A, Shahbazi, R, Esmaeili, S. Obesity as an important risk factor for certain types of cancer. Iran J Cancer Prev 2013;6:186\u201394."},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pati, S, Irfan, W, Jameel, A, Ahmed, S, Shahid, RK. Obesity and cancer: a current overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, outcomes, and management. Cancers 2023;15:485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15020485.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15020485"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantovani, A, Lonardo, A, Stefan, N, Targher, G. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and extrahepatic gastrointestinal cancers. Metabolism 2024;160:156014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.156014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.156014"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, C, Targher, G, Byrne, CD, Mao, Y, Cheung, TT, Yilmaz, Y, et al.. Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 1990\u20132021. Am J Gastroenterol 2025;120:2280\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003288.","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003288"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warburg, O. On the origin of cancer cells. Science 1956;123:309\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.123.3191.309.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.123.3191.309"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warburg, O. On respiratory impairment in cancer cells. Science 1956;124:269\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.124.3215.269.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.124.3215.269"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tufail, M, Jiang, CH, Li, N. Altered metabolism in cancer: insights into energy pathways and therapeutic targets. Mol Cancer 2024;23:203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-024-02119-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02119-3"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porporato, PE, Filigheddu, N, Pedro, JMB, Kroemer, G, Galluzzi, L. Mitochondrial metabolism and cancer. Cell Res 2018;28:265\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cr.2017.155.","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.155"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, H, Xu, T, Yu, S, Wu, S, Zhang, J. Mitochondrial metabolism and cancer therapeutic innovation. Signal Transduct Targeted Ther 2025;10:245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-025-02311-x.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02311-x"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morla-Barcelo, PM, Melguizo-Salom, L, Roca, P, Nadal-Serrano, M, Sastre-Serra, J, Torrens-Mas, M. Obesity-related inflammation reduces treatment sensitivity and promotes aggressiveness in luminal breast cancer modulating oxidative stress and mitochondria. Biomedicines 2024;12:2813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12122813.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12122813"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pintus, F, Floris, G, Rufini, A. Nutrient availability links mitochondria, apoptosis, and obesity. Aging 2012;4:734\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.100505.","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100505"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Do, LH, Da Costa, RT, Solesio, ME. Effects of nutrients and diet on mitochondrial dysfunction: an opportunity for therapeutic approaches in human disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2025;191:118493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118493.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118493"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Memme, JM, Erlich, AT, Phukan, G, Hood, DA. Exercise and mitochondrial health. J\u00a0Physiol. 2021;599:803\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP278853.","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278853"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Be\u021biu, AM, Noveanu, L, H\u00e2ncu, IM, Lascu, A, Petrescu, L, Maack, C, et al.. Mitochondrial effects of common cardiovascular medications: the good, the bad and the mixed. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23:13653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232113653.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113653"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuretu, A, Arineitwe, C, Mothibe, M, Ngubane, P, Khathi, A, Sibiya, N. Drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity: risks of developing glucose handling impairments. Front Endocrinol 2023;14:1123928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1123928.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1123928"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lepretti, M, Martucciello, S, Burgos Aceves, MA, Putti, R, Lionetti, L. Omega-3 fatty acids and insulin resistance: focus on the regulation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Nutrients 2018;10:350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10030350.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030350"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y, Gao, R, Fang, J, Ding, S. A review: polysaccharides targeting mitochondria to improve obesity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024;277:134448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.134448.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.134448"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Almeida, ME, \u00d8rtenblad, N, Petersen, MH, Schjerning, AN, Wentorf, EK, Jensen, K, et al.. Acute exercise increases the contact between lipid droplets and mitochondria independently of obesity and type 2 diabetes. J\u00a0Physiol. 2023;601:1797\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP284386.","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284386"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heo, JW, Yoo, SZ, No, MH, Park, DH, Kang, JH, Kim, TW, et al.. Exercise training attenuates obesity-induced skeletal muscle remodeling and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the skeletal muscle. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 2018;15:2301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15102301.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102301"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, PB, Yang, JS, Park, Y. Adaptations of skeletal muscle mitochondria to obesity, exercise, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 2018;53:271\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lipd.12037.","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.12037"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muley, C, Bartelt, A. Fuse your mitochondria, lose appetite: an anorexic, anti-obesity sphingolipid. EMBO Mol Med 2021;13:e14618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.202114618.","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114618"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayashankar, V, Selwan, E, Hancock, SE, Verlande, A, Goodson, MO, Eckenstein, KH, et al.. Drug-like sphingolipid SH-BC-893 opposes ceramide-induced mitochondrial fission and corrects diet-induced obesity. EMBO Mol Med 2021;13:e13086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.202013086.","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202013086"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z, Qiao, Q, Sun, Y, Chen, Y, Ren, B, Liu, X. Sesamol ameliorates diet-induced obesity in C57BL\/6J mice and suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells via regulating mitochondria-lipid metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017;61:1600717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.201600717.","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600717"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalinovich, AV, Mattsson, CL, Youssef, MR, Petrovic, N, Ost, M, Skulachev, VP, et al.. Mitochondria-targeted dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C12TPP) combats high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Int J Obes 2016;40:1864\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2016.146.","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.146"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y, Tang, B, Long, L, Luo, P, Xiang, W, Li, X, et al.. Improvement of obesity-associated disorders by a small-molecule drug targeting mitochondria of adipose tissue macrophages. Nat Commun 2021;12:102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-20315-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20315-9"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalla Via, L, Garc\u00eda-Arg\u00e1ez, AN, Braga, A, Mart\u00ednez-V\u00e1zquez, M, Grancara, S, Martinis, P, et al.. An eudesman derivative from Verbesina persicifolia D.C. as a natural mild uncoupler in liver mitochondria: a new potential anti-obesity agent? Curr Pharm Des 2014;20:253\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/13816128113199990028.","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990028"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y, Lee, J, Lee, MS, Chang, E, Kim, Y. Chrysanthemum morifolium flower extract ameliorates obesity-induced inflammation and increases muscle mitochondrial cntent and AMPK\/SIRT1 activities in Obese tats. Nutrients 2021;13:3660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13103660.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103660"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, M, Santulli, G. Editorial: the link between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and mitochondria. Front Endocrinol 2023;14:1229935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1229935.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1229935"},{"key":"2026041103372383851_j_med-2026-1407_ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Claret, M, Garcia-Roves, PM. Editorial: dissecting the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of type-2 diabetes and obesity: novel concepts and challenges. Curr Diabetes Rev 2017;13:337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/157339981304170725150725.","DOI":"10.2174\/157339981304170725150725"}],"container-title":["Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2026-1407\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2026-1407\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T03:37:42Z","timestamp":1775878662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2026-1407\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/med-2026-1407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2026-1407","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2391-5463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"article-number":"20261407"}}