{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:01:25Z","timestamp":1780329685636,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1460_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the independent association of a standardized, multi-modal intraoperative nursing protocol on postoperative complications in patients undergoing open radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1460_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 89 patients who underwent open radical gastrectomy. Patients were categorized into a standardized care group (n=44) receiving a multi-modal nursing protocol and a non-standardized care group (n=45). The primary outcome was 30-day complications (Clavien\u2013Dindo\u00a0\u2265II). Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1460_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 89 patients were included (standardized care group, n=44; non-standardized care group, n=45). The total complication rate was significantly lower in the Standardized Care Group (22.7\u202f% vs. 48.9\u202f%, p&lt;0.01). After adjustment, standardized nursing care was independently associated with reduced complications (adjusted OR=0.32; 95\u202f% CI: 0.12\u20130.85; p=0.022). Intraoperative hypothermia (OR=3.45; 95\u202f% CI: 1.42\u20138.38) and operative time\u00a0\u2265200\u202fmin (OR=2.89; 95\u202f% CI: 1.18\u20137.07) were identified as independent risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_med-2026-1460_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the context of open gastrectomy, a systematic intraoperative nursing protocol is significantly and independently associated with reduced postoperative morbidity, primarily by being associated with lower rates of procedure-specific risks such as hypothermia and prolonged operative time. This study provides quantitative evidence to support reconceptualizing structured operating room nursing from a supportive role to a core component of therapeutic intervention associated with improved surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2026-1460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:05:26Z","timestamp":1780326326000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of a standardized nursing protocol with postoperative complications following open radical gastrectomy: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3530-9453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Suqian , Jiangsu , P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6187-6260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Suqian , Jiangsu , P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0650-7579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Suqian , Jiangsu , P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4595-5903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Suqian , Jiangsu , P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obana, A, Iwasaki, K, Suwa, T. Impact of postoperative complications on gastric cancer survival. Surgery 2025;178:108873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2024.09.031.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.09.031"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, L, Pang, N, Yan, P, Jia, F, Sun, Q, Ma, W, et al.. Control of body temperature and immune function in patients undergoing open surgery for gastric cancer. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2018;18:289\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17305\/bjbms.2018.2552.","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2018.2552"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, SH, Shin, YR, Hur, H, Lee, CM, Min, JS, Ryu, SW, et al.. Exploring ideal operative time for best outcomes in gastric cancer surgery: a multi-institutional study based on KLASS-07 database. Chin J Cancer Res 2023;35:660\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.10.","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.10"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, XY, Zhao, YL, Wen, SS, Song, XY, Mo, L, Xiao, ZW. Intraoperative thermostatic nursing and failure mode and effects analysis enhance gastrectomies\u2019 care quality. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024;16:3764\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4240\/wjgs.v16.i12.3764.","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v16.i12.3764"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J, Zang, X, Li, C. Analysis of the effect of application and satisfaction of targeted nursing interventions in the care of gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Minerva Gastroenterol 2023;69:449\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/s2724-5985.23.03366-1.","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-5985.23.03366-1"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Q, Huang, LH, Xing, MY, Feng, ZX, Shao, LW, Zhang, MY, et al.. Establishing nursing-sensitive quality indicators for the operating room: a cross-sectional Delphi survey conducted in China. Aust Crit Care 2017;30:44\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aucc.2016.04.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2016.04.003"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X, Sun, X, Wu, Y, Wang, Y, Ren, J, Fang, X. The association between gastric cancer and sarcopenia: a scoping review. Front Oncol 2025;15:1684186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1684186.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1684186"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, M, Dai, Y, Feng, X, Wang, Y, Guo, X, Du, J, et al.. A prospective randomized study of the efficacy of continuous active warming in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy. BMC Gastroenterol 2025;25:174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-03729-x.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-03729-x"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, CH, Long, DR, McLean, D, Grabitz, SD, Ladha, K, Timm, FP, et al.. Effects of intraoperative fluid management on postoperative outcomes: a hospital registry study. Ann Surg 2018;267:1084\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sla.0000000000002220.","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002220"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kendrick, JB, Kaye, AD, Tong, Y, Belani, K, Urman, RD, Hoffman, C, et al.. Goal-directed fluid therapy in the perioperative setting. J\u00a0Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2019;35:S29\u2013s34.","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_26_18"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, Y, Yu, P, Qian, F, Zhao, Y, Shi, Y, Tang, B, et al.. Comparison of laparoscopy-assisted and open radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective study in a single minimally invasive surgery center. Medicine 2016;95:e3936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000003936.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003936"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clavien, PA, Barkun, J, de Oliveira, ML, Vauthey, JN, Dindo, D, Schulick, RD, et al.. The Clavien\u2013Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg 2009;250:187\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sla.0b013e3181b13ca2.","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b13ca2"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H, Gao, HJ, Wan, MD, Wang, WZ, Wu, X. Fast-track rehabilitation plus humanized nursing improves gastrointestinal function and quality of life in post-surgical gastric cancer patients. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025;17:106389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4240\/wjgs.v17.i10.106389.","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v17.i10.106389"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_014","unstructured":"Zhang, Y, Wang, X, Yang, H. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine nursing on postoperative patients with gastric cancer and its impact on quality of life. Am J Transl Res 2021;13:5589\u201395."},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osaki, T, Tatebe, S, Nakamura, N, Takano, T, Uchinaka, E, Tada, Y, et al.. What is necessary to shorten the operative time in initial introduction of robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer? Asian J Endosc Surg 2022;15:495\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ases.13037.","DOI":"10.1111\/ases.13037"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gwee, YX, Chia, DKA, So, J, Ceelen, W, Yong, WP, Tan, P, et al.. Integration of genomic biology into therapeutic strategies of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis. J\u00a0Clin Oncol 2022;40:2830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.21.02745.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02745"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gormley, E, Connolly, M, Ryder, M. The development of nursing-sensitive indicators: a critical discussion. Int J Nurs Stud Adv 2024;7:100227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100227.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100227"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grota, T, Betihavas, V, Burston, A, Jacob, E. Roles of nurse-surgeons in global surgical care: a scoping review. J\u00a0Adv Nurs 2024;80:3006\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.15906.","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15906"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, HL, Luo, HL. Analysis of the effect of multi-channel continuous nursing intervention on patients post-radical gastrectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025;17:100848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4240\/wjgs.v17.i4.100848.","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v17.i4.100848"},{"key":"2026060115052369240_j_med-2026-1460_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pires, MFS, Lopes, RS, Caetano, CSF, Mota, L, Ferreira, F. Leadership competencies of the medical-surgical nursing specialist nurse. Rev Bras Enferm 2023;76:e20220721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0034-7167-2022-0721.","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2022-0721"}],"container-title":["Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2026-1460\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2026-1460\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:05:35Z","timestamp":1780326335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/med-2026-1460\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/med-2026-1460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2026-1460","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2391-5463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"article-number":"20261460"}}