{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T21:00:36Z","timestamp":1793826036413,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"0","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_nipt-2022-0019_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We recently reveal that anti-CD4 autoantibodies contribute to blunted CD4+ T cell reconstitution in HIV+ individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cocaine use is common among HIV+ individuals and is associated with accelerated disease progression. However, the mechanisms underlying cocaine-induced immune perturbations remain obscure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_nipt-2022-0019_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated plasma levels of anti-CD4 IgG and markers of microbial translocation, as well as B-cell gene expression profiles and activation in HIV+ chronic cocaine users and non-users on suppressive ART, as well as uninfected controls. Plasma purified anti-CD4 IgGs were assessed for antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_nipt-2022-0019_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV+ cocaine users had increased plasma levels of anti-CD4 IgGs, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) versus non-users. An inverse correlation was observed in cocaine users, but not non-drug users. Anti-CD4 IgGs from HIV+ cocaine users mediated CD4+ T cell death through ADCC <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. B cells from HIV+ cocaine users exhibited activation signaling pathways and activation (cycling and TLR4 expression) related to microbial translocation versus non-users.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_nipt-2022-0019_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study improves our understanding of cocaine associated B cell perturbations and immune failure and the new appreciation for autoreactive B cells as novel therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/nipt-2022-0019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T22:20:37Z","timestamp":1679696437000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The link between chronic cocaine use, B cell perturbations, and blunted immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals on suppressive ART"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"0","author":[{"given":"Da","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenwu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Fitting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & Neuroscience , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Stoops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science, Department of Psychiatry, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Psychology , University of Kentucky College of Medicine and College of Arts and Sciences , Lexington , KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonya L.","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lishomwa C.","family":"Ndhlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA"},{"name":"Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center , Charleston , SC , USA"},{"name":"Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032422203111592_j_nipt-2022-0019_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grossman, Z, Meier-Schellersheim, M, Paul, WE, Picker, LJ. Pathogenesis of HIV infection: what the virus spares is as important as what it destroys. Nat Med 2006;12:289\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm1380.","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1380"},{"key":"2023032422203111592_j_nipt-2022-0019_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okoye, AA, Picker, LJ. CD4(+) T-cell depletion in HIV infection: mechanisms of immunological failure. 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