{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T12:10:46Z","timestamp":1781179846307,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The behavior of cement-based materials is manipulated by chemical and physical\n               processes at the nanolevel. Therefore, the application of nanomaterials in civil\n               engineering to develop nano-modified cement-based materials is a promising research.\n               In recent decades, a large number of researchers have tried to improve the properties\n               of cement-based materials by employing various nanomaterials and to characterize the\n               mechanism of nano-strengthening. In this study, the state of the art progress of\n               nano-modified cement-based materials is systematically reviewed and summarized.\n               First, this study reviews the basic properties and dispersion methods of\n               nanomaterials commonly used in cement-based materials, including carbon nanotubes,\n               carbon nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, nano-silica, nano-calcium carbonate,\n               nano-calcium silicate hydrate, etc. Then the research progress on nano-engineered\n               cementitious composites is reviewed from the view of accelerating cement hydration,\n               reinforcing mechanical properties, and improving durability. In addition, the market\n               and applications of nanomaterials for cement-based materials are briefly discussed,\n               and the cost is creatively summarized through market survey. Finally, this study also\n               summarizes the existing problems in current research and provides future perspectives\n               accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/ntrev-2020-0023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T12:03:14Z","timestamp":1588852994000},"page":"303-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["A review on the properties, reinforcing effects, and commercialization of\n               nanomaterials for cement-based materials"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhifang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , 310023 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Construction Materials, The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , TX , 76019 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of New Orleans , New Orleans , LA , 70148 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , 310023 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyi","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Gezhouba Group Three Gorges Construction Engineering Co., LTD. , Yichang , 443000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , 310023 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication University of Zhejiang , Hangzhou , 310018 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roco MC. 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The pozzolanic reactivity of\n               monodispersed nanosilica hydrosols and their influence on the hydration\n               characteristics of Portland cement. Cem Concr Res.\n               2012;42(12):1563\u2013570.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2012.09.004"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nozawa K, Gailhanou H, Raison L, Panizza P, Ushiki H, Sellier E, et al.\n               Smart control of monodisperse St\u00f6ber silica particles: effect of reactant\n               addition rate on growth process. Langmuir.\n               2005;21(4):1516\u201323.","DOI":"10.1021\/la048569r"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Land G, Stephan D. Controlling cement hydration with nanoparticles. 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BWI. 2011;5:46\u201350."},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong D, Du X, Wei S, Zhang H, Yang Y, Shah SP. Influence of nano-silica\n               agglomeration on microstructure and properties of the hardened cement-based\n               materials. Constr Build Mater. 2012;37:707\u201315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.08.006"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong D, Su Y, Du X, Yang Y, Wei S, Shah SP. Influence of nano-silica\n               agglomeration on fresh properties of cement pastes. Constr Build Mater.\n               2013;43:557\u201362.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.066"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown L, Sanchez F. Influence of carbon nanofiber clustering on the\n               chemo-mechanical behavior of cement pastes. Cem Concr Compos.\n               2016;65:101\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2015.10.008"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang Y, Zhang D, Yang C, Liu Y, Liu Y. Effect of graphene oxide on the\n               rheological properties of cement pastes. Constr Build Mater.\n               2015;96:20\u201328.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.181"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szleifer I, Yerushalmi-Rozen R. 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J Mater Chem A.\n               2013;1(9):3163\u201370.","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ta01360j"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendoza O, Sierra G, Tob\u00f3n JI. Influence of super plasticizer and\n               Ca(OH)2 on the stability of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersions\n               for cement composites applications. Constr Build Mater.\n               2013;47:771\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.100"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delozier D, Tigelaar D, Watson K, Smith Jr, J, Klein D, Lillehei P, et\n               al. 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Well-dispersed surfactant-stabilized Pt\/C\n               nanocatalysts for fuel cell application: Dispersion control and surfactant removal.\n               Electrochim Acta. 2005;51(4):711\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2005.05.024"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong M, Wu L, Zhou S, You B. Preparation and characterization of\n               acrylic latex\/nano-SiO2 composites. Polym Int.\n               2002;51(8):693\u20138.","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.968"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma X-K, Lee N-H, Oh H-J, Kim J-W, Rhee C-K, Park K-S, et al. Surface\n               modification and characterization of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles by a\n               cationic surfactant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp.\n               2010;358(1\u20133):172\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2010.01.051"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_091","unstructured":"Wallace EJ, Sansom MS. Carbon nanotube self-assembly with lipids and\n               detergent: a molecular dynamics study. Nanotechnology.\n               2008;20(4):045101."},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma P-C, Siddiqui NA, Marom G, Kim J-K. Dispersion and functionalization\n               of carbon nanotubes for polymer-based nanocomposites: a review. Compos Part A: Appl\n               Sci Manuf. 2010;41(10):1345\u201367.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2010.07.003"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen H, Zhou S, Gu G, Wu L. Modification and dispersion of nanosilica. 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Influences of modified nanoparticles on\n               hydrophobicity of concrete with organic film coating. Constr Build Mater.\n               2018;169:1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.191"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saez de Ibarra Y, Gaitero J, Erkizia E, Campillo I. Atomic force\n               microscopy and nanoindentation of cement pastes with nanotube dispersions. Phys\n               Status Solidi (a). 2006;203(6):1076\u20131081.","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.200566166"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_098","unstructured":"Shama P, Sohel R, Raul F. A review on nanomaterial dispersion,\n               microstructure, and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube and nanofiber reinforced\n               cementitious composites. J Nanomaterials. 2013;4:1\u201319."},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_099","unstructured":"Yazdanbakhsh A, Grasley Z, Tyson B, Al-Rub RA. Carbon nano filaments in\n               cementitious materials: some issues on dispersion and interfacial bond. Spec Publ.\n               2009;267:21\u201334."},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li GY, Wang PM, Zhao X. Mechanical behavior and microstructure of cement\n               composites incorporating surface-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon.\n               2005;43(6):1239\u201345.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2004.12.017"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li GY, Wang PM, Zhao X. Pressure-sensitive properties and microstructure\n               of carbon nanotube reinforced cement composites. Cem Concr Compos.\n               2007;29(5):377\u201382.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2006.12.011"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin C, Sandler J, Windle A, Schwarz M-K, Bauhofer W, Schulte K, et\n               al. Electric field-induced aligned multi-wall carbon nanotube networks in epoxy\n               composites. Polymer. 2005;46(3):877\u201386.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2004.11.081"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bullard JW, Jennings HM, Livingston RA, Nonat A, Scherer GW, Schweitzer\n               JS, et al. Mechanisms of cement hydration. Cem Concr Res.\n               2011;41(12):1208\u201323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.09.011"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin F, Meyer C. 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Constr Build Mater.\n               2010;24(11):2060\u201371.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2010.03.014"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silvestre J, Silvestre N, De Brito J. Review on concrete nanotechnology.\n               Eur J Environ Civ Eng. 2016;20(4):455\u201385.","DOI":"10.1080\/19648189.2015.1042070"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnstr\u00f6m J, Martinelli A, Matic A, B\u00f6rjesson L,\n               Panas I. Accelerating effects of colloidal nano-silica for beneficial\n               calcium\u2013silicate\u2013hydrate formation in cement. Chem Phys Lett.\n               2004;392(1\u20133):242\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2004.05.071"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qing Y, Zenan Z, Deyu K, Rongshen C. Influence of nano-SiO2 addition on\n               properties of hardened cement paste as compared with silica fume. Constr Build Mater.\n               2007;21(3):539\u201345.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2005.09.001"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin D, Lin K, Chang W, Luo H, Cai M. Improvements of nano-SiO2 on\n               sludge\/fly ash mortar. Waste Manag. 2008;28(6):1081\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.03.023"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong D, Corr DJ, Hou P, Yang Y, Shah SP. Influence of colloidal silica\n               sol on fresh properties of cement paste as compared to nano-silica powder with\n               agglomerates in micron-scale. Cem Concr Compos.\n               2015;63:30\u201341.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2015.08.002"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L, Zheng D, Zhang S, Cui H, Li D. Effect of nano-SiO2 on the\n               hydration and microstructure of Portland cement. Nanomaterials.\n               2016;6(12):241.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano6120241"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Lebdeh T, Petrescu V, Victoria R, Al-Nasra M, Petrescu T, Ion F.\n               Effect of nano silica (SiO2) on the hydration kinetics of cement. Eng Rev.\n               2019;39(3):248\u201360.","DOI":"10.30765\/er.39.3.06"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato T, Beaudoin JJ. The effect of Nano-sized CaCO3 addition on the\n               hydration of OPC containing high volumes of ground granulated blast-furnace slag.\n               Paper presented at: The 2nd International Symposium Advanced Concrete Science\n               Engineering. Quebec City, Canada. 2006.","DOI":"10.1617\/2351580028.077"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato T, Diallo F. Seeding effect of nano-CaCO3 on the hydration of\n               tricalcium silicate. Trans Res Rec. 2010;2141(1):61\u20137.","DOI":"10.3141\/2141-11"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qian KL, Meng T, Qian XQ, Zhan SL. Research on some properties of fly\n               ash concrete with nano-CaCO3 middle slurry. Key Eng Mater.\n               2009;405-406:186\u201390.","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.405-406.186"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu X, Chen L, Liu A, Wang X. Effect of nano-CaCO3 on properties of\n               cement paste. Energy Procedia. 2012;16:991\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2012.01.158"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camiletti J, Soliman AM, Nehdi ML. Effect of nano-calcium carbonate on\n               early-age properties of ultra-high-performance concrete. Mag Concr Res.\n               2013;65(5):297\u2013307.","DOI":"10.1680\/macr.12.00015"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng T, Yu Y, Wang Z. Effect of nano-CaCO3 slurry on the mechanical\n               properties and micro-structure of concrete with and without fly ash. Compos Part B:\n               Eng. 2017;117:124\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2017.02.030"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang H, Che Y, Leng F. High volume fly ash mortar containing\n               nano-calcium carbonate as a sustainable cementitious material: microstructure and\n               strength development. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):16439.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34851-4"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_121","unstructured":"Scheetz B, Tikalsky P, Badger S. Control of the microstructure of\n               concrete: a case for nanometer-sized seeding. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the\n               11th International Congress on the Chemsitry of Cement, G. Grieveand, G. Owens,\n               editors. Durban, South Africa. 2003."},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicoleau L. New calcium silicate hydrate network. Trans Res Rec.\n               2010;2142(1):42\u201351.","DOI":"10.3141\/2142-07"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long G, Li Y, Ma C, Xie Y, Shi Y. Hydration kinetics of cement\n               incorporating different nanoparticles at elevated temperatures. Thermochim Acta.\n               2018;664:108\u201317.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2018.04.017"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_124","unstructured":"Makar J, Margeson J, Luh J. Carbon nanotube\/cement composites -early\n               results and potential applications. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference\n               on Construction Materials: Performance, Innovations and Structural Implications.\n               Canada: Vancouver. 2005; pp. 1\u201310."},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makar JM, Chan GW. Growth of cement hydration products on single-walled\n               carbon nanotubes. J Am Ceram Soc. 2009;92(6):1303\u201310.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2009.03055.x"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui H, Yang S, Memon S. Development of carbon nanotube modified cement\n               paste with microencapsulated phase-change material for structural\u2013functional\n               integrated application. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(4):8027\u201339.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16048027"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_127","unstructured":"Zhao J, Ren S, Du Y, Zhu W, Wang W, Kong L, et al. Study on the\n               influence of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of portland cement. Bull\n               Chin Ceram Soc. 2013;32(7):1361\u20136."},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amin M, El-Gamal S, Hashem F. Fire resistance and mechanical properties\n               of carbon nanotubes\u2013clay bricks wastes (Homra) composites cement. Constr Build\n               Mater. 2015;98:237\u201349.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.074"},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_129","unstructured":"Shi T, Gao Y, Corr DJ, Shah SP. FTIR study on early-age hydration of\n               carbon nanotubes-modified cement-based materials. Adv Cem Res.\n               2018;1\u201340."},{"key":"2021021703304273239_j_ntrev-2020-0023_ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaitero JJ, Campillo I, Guerrero A. Reduction of the calcium leaching\n               rate of cement paste by addition of silica nanoparticles. 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