{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:16:19Z","timestamp":1758816979548,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to analyse the morphology of the epididymal spermatozoa of male roe deer obtained postmortem at the beginning (May), peak (July\/August) and the end (September) of the reproductive season. Spermatozoal abnormalities were divided into major (associated with impaired fertility) and minor (not associated with impaired fertility) defects. The highest percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was observed in May (17.78 \u00b1 1.88%), with a much higher proportion of major (12.35 \u00b1 1.11%) than minor defects (5.43 \u00b1 1.59%) being observed. The percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was lowest during the peak of the reproductive season (4.97 \u00b1 1.13%), with the proportion of major (2.68 \u00b1 0.78%) and minor defects (2.28 \u00b1 0.45%) being comparable during this period. The percentage of abnormal spermatozoa increased again in September (11.05 \u00b1 1.60%), with the major defects (6.15 \u00b1 1.04%) slightly surpassing the minor defects (4.90 \u00b1 0.77%); however, total abnormalities still remained lower than those found in May. These differences were statistically significant, with the exception of the difference in minor defects between the pre-rut and post-rut periods. These results indicate that the best period to collect epididymal spermatozoa from roe deer postmortem is the peak of the reproductive season (July\/August); however, they can also be recovered at the end of the reproductive season (September), as the percentage of major defects is relatively low at this time. This study provides the basis for further research to determine optimal methods for the storage and cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa in this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2015-0073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T17:01:41Z","timestamp":1448902901000},"page":"565-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Morphological defects of epididymal spermatozoa in male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the reproductive season"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Kozio\u0142","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Koziorowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082595mg","article-title":"ER Implications of diversity in sperm 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sperm","author":"Martinez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"308","article-title":"Nongenomic activation of spermatozoa by steroid hormones facts fictions","author":"Baldi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1985","article-title":"Pathological conditions in genital organs and sperm as a cause for the rejection of breeding bulls for import into and export from an andrologic retrospective","author":"Blom","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nord Vet Med"},{"key":"ref781","first-page":"161","article-title":"Reproductive physiology of roe deer In eds The European Roe The Biology of Success Uni Oslo","author":"Sempere","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand"},{"key":"ref281","first-page":"71","article-title":"Artificial insemination in deer and non - domestic bovids","author":"Morrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref501","first-page":"72","article-title":"Sperm characteristics and in vitro fertilization ability of thawed spermatozoa from Black Manchega ram electroejaculation and postmortem collection","author":"Garcia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0980471","article-title":"inter - relationships among reproductive hormones gross morphometry behaviour ejaculate characteristics and testicular histology in Eld s deer stags eldi thamin","author":"Monfort","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"365","article-title":"spermatogenesis","author":"Carreau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans Soc Lond Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.049","article-title":"Sperm morphology and fertility of progeny - tested AI dairy bulls in 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from dead animals and its usesin vitroembryo production","author":"Martins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref811","first-page":"67","article-title":"Seasonal variations in semen characteristics semen cryopreservation estrus synchronization and successful artificial insemination in the spotted deer Axis axis","author":"Umapathy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2006.00773.x","article-title":"ER The application of reproductive technologies to natural populations of red deer","author":"Garde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"59","article-title":"Recovery and cryopreservation of sika deer nippon spermatozoa from epididymides stored at degrees","author":"Hishinuma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"168","article-title":"Parkinson Evaluation of fertility and infertility 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