{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T16:58:53Z","timestamp":1764349133791},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of study was to determine the mechanisms regulating melatonin secretion in the pineal organs of 1-day-old and 9-month-old domestic ducks. The pineals were cultured in a superfusion system under different light conditions. Additionally, some explants were treated with norepinephrine.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The pineal glands of 1-day-old ducks released melatonin in a well-entrained, regular rhythm during incubation under a 12 hrs light : 12 hrs dark cycle and adjusted their secretory activity to a reversed 12 hrs dark : 12 hrs light cycle within 2 days. In contrast, the diurnal changes in melatonin secretion from the pineals of 9-month-old ducks were largely irregular and the adaptation to a reversed cycle lasted 3 days. The pineal organs of nestling and adult ducks incubated in a continuous light or darkness secreted melatonin in a circadian rhythm. The treatment with norepinephrine during photophases of a light-dark cycle resulted in: 1) a precise adjustment of melatonin secretion rhythm to the presence of this catecholamine in the culture medium, 2) a very high amplitude of the rhythm, 3) a rapid adaptation of the pineal secretory activity to a reversed light-dark cycle. The effects of norepinephrine were similar in the pineal organs of nestlings and adults.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In conclusion, melatonin secretion in the duck pineal organ is controlled by three main mechanisms: the direct photoreception, the endogenous generator and the noradrenergic transmission. The efficiency of intra-pineal, photosensitivity-based regulatory mechanism is markedly lower in adult than in nestling individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2015-0082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T17:01:41Z","timestamp":1448902901000},"page":"635-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic duck \u2013 an in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Prusik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Lewczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Przybylska-Gornowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref121","first-page":"1","article-title":"Przybylska Gross anatomy of the pineal complex in animals In ed Step by step experimental pinealectomy techniques in animals for researchers Publishers New York","author":"Lewczuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sciences"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"148","article-title":"AD of the rhythmic melatonin secretion in the embryonic chicken pineal gland","volume":"152","author":"Csernus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development Gen"},{"key":"ref671","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating melatonin secretion in the turkey pineal gland Doctoral thesis","author":"Prusik","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"167","article-title":"Hypothalamic regulation of circadian noradrenergic input to the chick pineal gland","author":"Cassone","year":"1990","journal-title":"AM J Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref351","article-title":"The pineal gland In Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen VI Verlag","author":"Vollrath","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref401","first-page":"692","article-title":"of regulation of melatonin release in pineal cells in chick embryo","author":"Akasaka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development Brain Res"},{"key":"ref411","first-page":"569","article-title":"The superior cervical ganglia are not necessary for entrainment or persistence of the pineal melatonin rhythm in Japanese quail","author":"Barrett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050174","article-title":"Regulation of rhythmic melatonin production in pineal cells of chick embryo by cyclic AMP","author":"Mackov\u00e1","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"142","article-title":"The mammalian pineal gland known facts unknown facets Trends","volume":"18","author":"Maronde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"383","article-title":"Post - hatching development of the turkey pineal histological and immunohistochemical studies","volume":"26","author":"Przybylska","year":"2005","journal-title":"organ"},{"key":"ref791","first-page":"172","article-title":"Circadian melatonin production develops faster in birds than in mammals","author":"Zeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen"},{"key":"ref761","first-page":"296","article-title":"Differentiation of pinopsin - immunoreactive cells in the developing quail pineal organ an in - vivo and in - vitro immunohistochemical study","author":"Yamao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/29.2.396","article-title":"Direct radioimmunoassay for melatonin in plasma","volume":"29","author":"Fraser","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"103","article-title":"of the innervation in the chicken pineal gland gallus","author":"Calvo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Development Acta Anat"},{"key":"ref751","article-title":"The pineal gland In Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen VI Verlag","author":"Vollrath","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"569","article-title":"The superior cervical ganglia are not necessary for entrainment or persistence of the pineal melatonin rhythm in Japanese quail","author":"Barrett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2013.832279","article-title":"oscillator functioning in the chicken effect of photoperiod and melatonin","volume":"31","author":"Turkowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"ref361","first-page":"296","article-title":"Differentiation of pinopsin - immunoreactive cells in the developing quail pineal organ an in - vivo and in - vitro immunohistochemical study","author":"Yamao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"110","article-title":"and control of the circadian pacemaker for melatonin release in the chicken pineal gland","author":"Csernus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development Gen"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12604","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms150712604","article-title":"a Diurnal profiles of melatonin synthesis - related indoles catecholamines and their metabolites in the duck pineal organ","volume":"15","author":"Lewczuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"156","article-title":"Functional morphology of the pineal gland in young chickens Anz","author":"Ohshima","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"651","article-title":"Comparison of circadian oscillation of melatonin release in pineal cells of house sparrow pigeon and Japanese quail using cell perfusion systems","author":"Murakami","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2002.01835.x","article-title":"Daily variation in the concentration of methoxytryptophol and melatonin in the duck pineal gland and plasma","author":"Zawilska","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"ref271","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating melatonin secretion in the turkey pineal gland Doctoral thesis","author":"Prusik","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0940085","article-title":"GB CA Concentrations of plasma melatonin and luteinizing hormone in domestic gilts reared under artificial long and short days","volume":"94","author":"Paterson","year":"1992","journal-title":"AM J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00182.x","article-title":"Posthatching developmental changes in noradrenaline content in the chicken pineal gland","author":"Zawilska","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.719964","article-title":"Season - 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hatching development of acetylcholinesterase - positive neurons in the pineal organs of Coturnix coturnix japonica and Gallus gallus","author":"Sato","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"167","article-title":"Hypothalamic regulation of circadian noradrenergic input to the chick pineal gland","author":"Cassone","year":"1990","journal-title":"AM J Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0940085","article-title":"GB CA Concentrations of plasma melatonin and luteinizing hormone in domestic gilts reared under artificial long and short days","volume":"94","author":"Paterson","year":"1992","journal-title":"AM J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050174","article-title":"Regulation of rhythmic melatonin production in pineal cells of chick embryo by cyclic AMP","author":"Mackov\u00e1","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"326","article-title":"Circadian gene expression patterns of melanopsin and pinopsin in the chick pineal gland","author":"Holthues","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1327.043","article-title":"AD Features of the circadian clock in the avian pineal gland","author":"Csernus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref601","first-page":"67","article-title":"Transition from embryonic to adult transcription pattern of serotonin acetyltransferase gene in avian pineal gland","author":"Ob\u0142ap","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"ref711","first-page":"295","article-title":"Morphological studies on the pineal gland in the common gull canus reveal uncommon features of pinealocytes","author":"Przybylska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"ref141","article-title":"Adrenergic activation of melatonin secretion in ovine pineal explants in short - term superfusion culture occurs via protein synthesis independent and dependent phenomena","author":"Lewczuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Int"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.55.945","article-title":"Ultrastructural study of post - hatching development in the pineal gland of the Japanese quail","author":"Ohshima","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref421","first-page":"101","article-title":"Post - hatching evolution of the pineal gland of the chicken","author":"Boya","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Anat"},{"key":"ref591","first-page":"651","article-title":"Comparison of circadian oscillation of melatonin release in pineal cells of house sparrow pigeon and Japanese quail using cell perfusion systems","author":"Murakami","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"692","article-title":"of regulation of melatonin release in pineal cells in chick embryo","author":"Akasaka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development Brain Res"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01921750","article-title":"of rhythmic melatonin synthesis in cultured pineal glands and pineal cells isolated from chick embryo","author":"Lamosov\u00e1","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development Experientia"},{"key":"ref491","first-page":"298","article-title":"Rhythms of the pineal acetyltransferase mRNA and melatonin concentrations during embryonic and post - embryonic development in chicken","author":"Herichov\u00e1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"}],"container-title":["Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/pjvs\/18\/3\/article-p635.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/pjvs.2015.18.issue-3\/pjvs-2015-0082\/pjvs-2015-0082.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]],"date-time":"2020-09-12T02:19:08Z","timestamp":1599877148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/dlibra\/publication\/114367\/edition\/99420\/content"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pjvs-2015-0082","relation":{},"ISSN":["2300-2557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2300-2557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}}}