{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T17:03:44Z","timestamp":1724432624738},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present work was directed to investigate the relationship between Downer cow syndrome (DCS) and chronic botulism in dairy cattle. For this purpose, a total of 52 fresh calving downer cows and 206 apparently healthy cows at 14 dairy farms were investigated for <jats:italic>Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:italic> ABE and CD antibody levels, <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> and botulinum neurotoxin in rumen fluids as well as in faeces. Results indicated that the downer cows had higher IgG titers for <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> ABE and CD than the healthy cows. All tested rumen fluids were negative for BoNT and <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>. BoNT\/D, however, and <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> type D spores were detected in faecal samples of healthy and downer cows in the selected farms. In conclusion, the presence of a significantly higher <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> ABE and CD antibody levels in DCS cows than in the healthy animals suggests that chronic <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> toxico-infection could be a predisposing factor for DCS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2015-0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T19:50:56Z","timestamp":1453319456000},"page":"759-765","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is downer cow syndrome related to chronic botulism?"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Rulff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Schr\u00f6dl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Basiouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.08.051","article-title":"Bar Cattle immune response to botulinum type toxoid results of a vaccination study","volume":"25","author":"Steinman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"407","article-title":"Hypophosphat\u00e4misches Festliegen cow syndrome In Hrsg Rinderkrankheiten Innere und chirurgische Erkrankungen Aufl Stuttgart Eugen Verlag","author":"F\u00fcrll","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref461","first-page":"407","article-title":"Hypophosphat\u00e4misches Festliegen cow syndrome In Hrsg Rinderkrankheiten Innere und chirurgische Erkrankungen Aufl Stuttgart Eugen Verlag","author":"F\u00fcrll","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"00","article-title":"Studien uber das Festliegen Syndrome bei Milchkuhen In Hrsg Atypisches Festliegen beim Rind Kongressband Internationaler Workshop Leipziger Tierarztekongress ISBN","author":"Pehrson","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref561","first-page":"1109","article-title":"botulinum In eds The microbiological safety and quality of food Gaithersburg Aspen","author":"Lund","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref551","first-page":"277","article-title":"Long Watershed issues associated withClostridium botulinum a literature","author":"Tauscher","year":"2006","journal-title":"review J Water Health"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1045-1056(02)00074-X","article-title":"Evaluation of a botulinum fragment based ELISA for measuring the humoral immune response in primates","volume":"31","author":"Lindsey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"139","article-title":"JE Recovery from botulinum neurotoxin poisoning in vivo","author":"Keller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2013.06.011","article-title":"Kr\u00fcger Efficacy of Clostridium botulinum types toxoid vaccination in cows","volume":"23","author":"Skau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"alpha - 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