{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:07:09Z","timestamp":1782475629720,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microbiological and parasitological investigation was carried out on a colony of feral pigeons, located in a green area near the main hospital of a Central Italy city. One hundred pigeons were submitted to clinical examination. Cloacal swabs, grouped in pool of 4 samples, were analyzed to detect the presence of<jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydophila<\/jats:italic>spp. using a biomolecular procedure, while individual cloacal samples were examined for<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>spp., and yeasts by means of a specific culture media. An ELISA test was used to determine the presence of<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>spp., and<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>spp. coproantigens. Individual serological samples were also tested with the modified agglutination test (MAT) in order to detect antibodies against<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>. The pigeons did not show any clinical signs. The cloacal pools proved to be negative for<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>DNA while three pools were positive for<jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>Chlamydophila<\/jats:italic>spp. DNAs.<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>spp. was not detected.<jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>were found in 13% and 4% of the samples, respectively. No<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>spp. and<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>spp. were detected. Thirty-three out of 100 samples (33%) were positive for yeast colonies. The seroprevalence for<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>was 8%. Although with moderate incidence, potentially zoonotic agents were present thus highlighting the need for sanitary surveillance on feral pigeon colonies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2016-0038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]],"date-time":"2016-08-03T07:31:40Z","timestamp":1470209500000},"page":"309-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Microbiological and parasitological survey of zoonotic agents in apparently healthy feral pigeons"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"M.L.","family":"Marenzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Morganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Moretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Crotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Agnetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Pitzurra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Casagrande Proietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Sechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Cenci-Goga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.P.","family":"Franciosini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref71","first-page":"547","article-title":"- Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - 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sectional survey ofToxoplasma gondiiantibodies in Israeli pigeons","author":"Salant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"220","article-title":"from feral pigeons affecting humans","author":"Haag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref381","first-page":"177","article-title":"Seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in domestic pigeons livia in Guangdong Province of southern China","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref681","first-page":"169","article-title":"Presence ofC albidus laurentiiandC uniguttulatusin crop and droppings of pigeon lofts livia","author":"Rosario","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"135","article-title":"Chlamydial infections in feral pigeons in Europe of data and focus on public health implications","author":"Magnino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Review Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref331","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiological investigations on the role of clinically healthy racing pigeons as a reservoir for avian paramyxovirus and avian influenza virus","author":"Teske","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"12","article-title":"dei piccioni in ambiente urbano Article in","author":"Grandini","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.8.2043-2046.1997","article-title":"TO Application of a nested multiplex PCR to psittacosis outbreaks","author":"Messmer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref751","first-page":"45","article-title":"Screening for several potential pathogens in feral pigeons livia in Vet","volume":"52","author":"Vazquez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"307","article-title":"hazards posed by feral pigeons","author":"Haag","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Infect"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"42","article-title":"Prevalence of Shiga toxin - producingEscherichia coliandSalmonella entericain rock pigeons captured in Fort","author":"Pedersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dis"},{"key":"ref451","first-page":"11","article-title":"Casanovas Intestinal carriage of campylobacters salmonellas yersinias and listerias in pigeons in the city of Barcelona","author":"De Simon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Appl Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"23","article-title":"Prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiantibodies in domestic livia domestica and wild livia livia pigeons in Niede region Turkey","volume":"35","author":"Karatepe","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1293-9","article-title":"The role of free - ranging captive and domestic birds of Western Poland in environmental contamination withCryptosporidium parvumoocysts andGiardia lambliacysts","author":"Majewska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref771","first-page":"177","article-title":"Seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in domestic pigeons livia in Guangdong Province of southern China","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref621","first-page":"69","article-title":"Monitoring the health of the population of pigeons livia in the city of Perugia ISSN","author":"Maresca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinaria"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1086\/598643","article-title":"Pigeon pneumonia in provence a bird borne fever outbreak","volume":"29","author":"Stein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-76","article-title":"TO Use of a nested PCR - 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Time of a Fundamental Shift in the Routine Practice of Clinical","volume":"26","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Matrix Flight Mass Spectrometry Microbiology Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref731","first-page":"201","article-title":"Detection ofChlamydia psittacigenotypes in fecal samples of homing pigeons in","author":"Tomi\u0107","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Arhiv"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"41","article-title":"Vom Liebling der Gotter zur Eroberunder Stadte Die - eine Erfolgsgeschichte Unserer Zeit Article in","author":"Haag","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol"},{"key":"ref591","first-page":"69","article-title":"Salmonellaisolate from cloacal swabs and footpads of wild birds in the immediate environment of Tokyo Bay Vet","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref511","first-page":"24","article-title":"The role of birds in dissemination of human waterborne enteropathogens Trend","author":"Graczyk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-009-0008-4","article-title":"Occurrence ofCryptosporidium hominisin pigeons Columbia livia","author":"Abreu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"152","article-title":"and genetic characterization ofToxoplasma gondiiin three species of pet birds in China Vectors","author":"Cong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"161","article-title":"Occurrence of yeasts in cloacae of migratory birds","author":"Cafarchia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref411","first-page":"114","article-title":"Molecular characterization and evaluation of virulence factors ofCryptococcus laurentiiandCryptococcus neoformansstrains isolated from external hospital areas Fungal","author":"Andrade","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol"},{"key":"ref491","first-page":"100","article-title":"meningitis five years of experience and literature","volume":"112","author":"Dorneanu","year":"2008","journal-title":"review Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat"}],"container-title":["Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/pjvs\/19\/2\/article-p309.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/pjvs.2016.19.issue-2\/pjvs-2016-0038\/pjvs-2016-0038.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T18:15:47Z","timestamp":1600971347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/dlibra\/publication\/120979\/edition\/105380\/content"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pjvs-2016-0038","relation":{},"ISSN":["2300-2557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2300-2557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}}}