{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:09:39Z","timestamp":1780499379080,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adenomyosis is defined as the presence of glandular foci external to the endometrium of the uterus, either in the myometrium or\/and perimetrium, depending on the progress of this dysfunction. To date, we showed that steroids secretion and prolactin expression and proliferative processes are disturbed during uterine adenomyosis in cows. During endometriosis in eutopic endometrium in women, gap junctions are down regulated. The transmembrane gap junction protein, connexin (Cx43) is necessary for endometrial morphological, biochemical and angiogenic functions. The aim of this study is recognition of adenomyosis etiology by determination of the role of Cx43 in this process. Immunolocalization and comparison of Cx43 mRNA and protein expression in healthy (N=9) and adenomyotic uterine tissue (N=9), and Cx43 mRNA expression (real time PCR) in uterine stromal \u2013 myometrium co-culture under 24-hour stimulation with 17-beta estradiol (10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>M) isolated from healthy (N=5) and adenomyotic (N=5) cows were determined.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Cx43 was localized in healthy and adenomyotic uteri. mRNA and protein expression was down-regulated in uterine tissue in adenomyotic compared with healthy cows (p&lt;0.05). Estradiol stimulated Cx43 mRNA expression in myometrial cell culture and co-culture of stromal and myometrial cells in adenomyotic compared with healthy cows (p&lt;0.05). In summary, down-regulation of Cx43 expression in the junction zone might play an important role in pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Estradiol modulates gap junctions during adenomyosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2016-0076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,19]],"date-time":"2016-10-19T10:02:47Z","timestamp":1476871367000},"page":"609-617","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Estradiol Reduces Connexin43 Gap Junctions in the Uterus during Adenomyosis in Cows"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"A.J.","family":"Korzekwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"\u0141upicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.M.","family":"Socha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.A.","family":"Szczepa\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref151","first-page":"603","article-title":"Myometrial transcriptional regulation of the gap junction gene connexin Fertil","author":"Lefebvre","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"336","article-title":"Wiesen AR Expression of connexin gap junction messenger ribonucleic acid and protein during follicular atresia","author":"Midgley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref591","first-page":"1849","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of determination of estradiol levels in the menstrual blood for patients with endometriosis","author":"Takahashi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nippon"},{"key":"ref641","first-page":"108","article-title":"Expression of the gap junction gene connexin in preimplantation bovine embryos derived in vitro or in vivo","author":"Wrenzycki","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22334","article-title":"Gap junction blockade induces apoptosis in human endometrial stromal cells","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"ref631","first-page":"336","article-title":"Wiesen AR Expression of connexin gap junction messenger ribonucleic acid and protein during follicular atresia","author":"Midgley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"1378","article-title":"of cows uterus latent cause of infertility Wet","author":"Katkiewicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod51.6.1109","article-title":"Regulation of connexin and connexin expression in rat endometrium by ovarian steroid hormones","volume":"26","author":"Grummer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2009.01539.x","article-title":"Quantification of connexin gap junctions in porcine myometrium by confocal microscopy and stereology","volume":"46","author":"Romek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"ref581","first-page":"1359","article-title":"EC Plasma membrane channels formed by connexins : their regulation and functions","author":"Saez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev"},{"key":"ref301","first-page":"108","article-title":"Expression of the gap junction gene connexin in preimplantation bovine embryos derived in vitro or in vivo","author":"Wrenzycki","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080410308","article-title":"RE Immunocytochemical analysis of the expression of gap junction protein connexin in the rat ovary","author":"Mayerhofer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/7.7.671","article-title":"and oestradiol increase cell to cell communication and connexin protein expression in human myometrium","author":"Di","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01070.x","article-title":"van - 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