{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:00:49Z","timestamp":1761663649529},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490659200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p> Application of assisted reproductive technology in camelidea, such as artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer, has been slow in comparison to that for other livestock species. In Egypt, there are few attempts to establish in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) techniques in dromedary camel. The present study was carried out to produce Sudanese camel embryos using in vitro matured oocytes and epididymal spermatozoa. Dromedary camel ovaries were collected from abattoirs and then, the oocytes were aspirated from all the visible follicles on the ovarian surface (~2-8 mm in a diameter). Meanwhile, Fetal Dromedary Camel Serum (FDCS) was obtained from camel fetuses after slaughtering. Thereafter, only Cumulus Oocyte Complexes (COCs) were matured in vitro in the Tissue Culture Medium (TCM-199) complemented with 10% FDCS. Spermatozoa required for in vitro fertilization were collected from testes (epididymal cauda) of the slaughtered camel bulls. The results clearly showed that the maturation rate of oocytes at metaphase II was about 59.5% while the fertilization rate was around 70.4%. Intriguingly, the embryo rates determined were 13.1%, in 2-cell; 0.0%, in 4-cell; 34.7%, in 8-16% cell; 39.1%, in morula and 13.1% in a blastocyst stage. This study represented a successful in vitro production of Sudanese dromedary camel embryos from epididymal sperm cells and in vitro matured oocytes recovered from slaughtered camels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2017-0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]],"date-time":"2017-05-19T10:02:20Z","timestamp":1495188140000},"page":"95-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In vitro production of Sudanese camel (Camelus dromedarius) embryos from epididymal spermatozoa and follicular oocytes of slaughtered animals"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"A.E.","family":"Abdelkhalek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sh.A.","family":"Gabr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sh.M.","family":"Shamiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.H.","family":"Farouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00099-2","article-title":"EM Changes in cumulus - 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camel oocytes using different media and leptin hormone supplementation during breeding and non - breeding seasons Thesis","author":"Nagy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Prod Agric"},{"key":"ref741","first-page":"109","article-title":"NA Studies on liquefaction and storage of ejaculated dromedary camel dromedarius semen","author":"Wani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref541","first-page":"145","article-title":"An in vitro comparative study of growth media sera and FSH effects on the growth and maturation of Syrian mice preantral follicles and enclosed - oocytes","volume":"11","author":"Javed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of season and culture media on the competence of dromedary camel oocyte to mature in vitro Glob Vet","volume":"3","author":"Amer","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.01.016","article-title":"Production of dromedary dromedarius embryos by IVM co - 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breeding seasons","author":"Allam","year":"2013","journal-title":"AM Am Sci"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"66","article-title":"AS Factors affecting follicular population oocyte yield and quality in camels dromedarius ovary with special reference to maturation time in vitro","author":"Abdoon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12022","article-title":"Cat and dog primordial follicles enclosed in ovarian cortex sustain viability after in vitro culture on agarose gel in a protein - free medium","author":"Fujihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"ref321","article-title":"Studies on in vitro fertilizing in Egyptian buffaloes","author":"Shamiah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thesis Anim Prod Agric"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"1","article-title":"Plasma anti - Mullerian hormone as a predictive endocrine marker to select Bos taurus indicus calves for in vitro embryo production","author":"Batista","year":"2016","journal-title":"PS"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(92)90065-L","article-title":"Selection of immature bovine oocytes for developmental potential in vitro","volume":"27","author":"Madison","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"182","article-title":"In WG eds Encyclopedia of nd ed","author":"Jianlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal Science"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.05.016","article-title":"Effect of follicular fluid on the developmental competence of dromedary dromedarius oocytes obtained from small follicles","author":"Khatir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"336","article-title":"Embryo transfer In WG eds Encyclopedia of nd ed UK","author":"John","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal Science"},{"key":"ref271","article-title":"In vitro maturation and fertilization of she - camel oocytes using different media and leptin hormone supplementation during breeding and non - breeding seasons Thesis","author":"Nagy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Prod Agric"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"109","article-title":"In vitro production of llama Lama glama embryos by with fresh semen","author":"Conde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996660.0000","article-title":"Laboratory production of cattle embryos","author":"Gordon","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref421","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of season and culture media on the competence of dromedary camel oocyte to mature in vitro Glob Vet","volume":"3","author":"Amer","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref551","first-page":"182","article-title":"In WG eds Encyclopedia of nd ed","author":"Jianlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal Science"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"199","article-title":"Effects of \u03b1 - culture media and epidermal growth factor on survival and growth of goat and sheep preantral follicles cultured in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Andrade","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"73","article-title":"Camel dromedarius immunoglobulin \u03b1 - lactalbumin serum albumin and lactoferrin in colostrum and milk during the early post partum period","author":"Hatmi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dairy Res"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"77","article-title":"MS Semen collection cryopreservation and artificial insemination in the dromedary camel","author":"Deen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"317","article-title":"Comparison of number and quality of oocytes in the Egyptian buffaloes bubalis cows taurus camels dromedarius Vet","author":"Ali","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Milk production potential in Maghrebi she - camels","author":"Abdalla","journal-title":"Small Res"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(86)90143-3","article-title":"First NL Bovine in vitro fertilization with frozen - thawed semen","volume":"25","author":"Parrish","year":"1986","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"159","article-title":"AS Effect of media on in vitro maturation rate of dromedary camel oocytes Glob Vet","volume":"13","author":"Kandil","year":"2014","journal-title":"AM Siam"},{"key":"ref211","article-title":"Differences between farm animals in vitro matured and in vitro fertilized","author":"Khalil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim Prod Agric Mansoura"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"255","article-title":"Effect of pregnancy status and harvesting technique on recovery rate and categories of dromedary camel oocyte Basic","author":"Harairy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl"},{"key":"ref591","article-title":"Differences between farm animals in vitro matured and in vitro fertilized","author":"Khalil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim Prod Agric Mansoura"},{"key":"ref451","first-page":"67","article-title":"In vitro maturation and early developmental capacity of bovine oocytes cultured in pure follicular fluid and supplementation with follicular wall","author":"Coleman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996660.0000","article-title":"Laboratory production of cattle embryos","author":"Gordon","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"77","article-title":"MS Semen collection cryopreservation and artificial insemination in the dromedary camel","author":"Deen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref481","first-page":"255","article-title":"Effect of pregnancy status and harvesting technique on recovery rate and categories of dromedary camel oocyte Basic","author":"Harairy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"209","article-title":"IM ME EM Factors affecting in vitro maturation yield and quality of camel dromedarius oocytes","author":"Farag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology Insight"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"31","article-title":"Fertilization and developmental competence of bovine oocytes derived from different categories of antral follicles","author":"Pavlok","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"ref721","first-page":"148","article-title":"First llama ( Lama glama ) pregnancy obtained after in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture of gametes from live animals","author":"Trasorras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"}],"container-title":["Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/pjvs\/20\/1\/article-p95.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/pjvs.2017.20.issue-1\/pjvs-2017-0013\/pjvs-2017-0013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T15:51:47Z","timestamp":1563810707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/dlibra\/publication\/121065\/edition\/105466\/content"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pjvs-2017-0013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2300-2557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2300-2557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]]}}}