{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:32:53Z","timestamp":1765279973692,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_pp-2017-0006_s_006_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1aab1c14b1Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Development of Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) requires adequate preclinical models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_pp-2017-0006_s_007_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1aab1c14b2Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The model should be easy to use, reproducible and cost-effective. It should have a volume similar to the human abdominal cavity, and an oval shape. The inner surface should be lined with serosa. The model should allow pharmacological and biological analysis, including histology. No living animals should be used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_pp-2017-0006_s_008_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1aab1c14b3Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fresh urinary bladder is explanted from an adult bovine in the slaughterhouse. A 4-cm incision is performed into the bladder neck. The bladder can be inverted through the incision, which allows exposition of the serosa on its inner side. A balloon trocar is inserted through the incision and a ligature placed, ensuring full tightness. The therapeutic capnoperitoneum is installed. The bovine bladder has a volume somewhat smaller (2\u20133\u2006L) than the human abdominal cavity (3\u20135\u2006L). Costs are minimal. There is no significant bacteriological contamination. Manipulation is simple.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_pp-2017-0006_s_009_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1aab1c14b4Aa\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The (inverted) bovine urinary bladder is an innovative and versatile\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      model for optimizing drug delivery with therapeutic aerosols both onto the mucosa or the serosa. This model can be used for pharmaceutical Quality-by-Design approaches and will replace a large number of experiments in the animal.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/pp-2017-0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]],"date-time":"2017-03-11T05:00:59Z","timestamp":1489208459000},"page":"37-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A new\n                    <i>ex vivo<\/i>\n                    model for optimizing distribution of therapeutic aerosols: the (inverted) bovine urinary bladder"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schnelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank-J\u00fcrgen","family":"Weinreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janek","family":"Kibat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Reymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler Str. 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120909184545853_j_pp-2017-0006_ref_001_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Solass W, Kerb R, M\u00fcrdter T, Giger-Pabst U, Strumberg D, Tempfer C, et al. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy of peritoneal carcinomatosis using pressurized aerosol as an alternative to liquid solution: First evidence for efficacy. Ann Surg Oncol 2014;21:553\u20139.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-3213-1"},{"key":"2025120909184545853_j_pp-2017-0006_ref_002_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Tempfer CB, Winnekendonk G, Solass W, Horvat R, Giger-Pabst U, Zieren J, et al. Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy in women with recurrent ovarian cancer: A phase 2 study. Gynecol Oncol 2015;137:223\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.02.009"},{"key":"2025120909184545853_j_pp-2017-0006_ref_003_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab2b1b3Aa","unstructured":"3. Khalili-Harbi N, Herath N, Solass W, Giger-Pabst U, Dutreix M, Reymond MA. Pressurized intraluminal aerosol chemotherapy with Dbait in the distal esophagus of swine. 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Kakchekeeva T, Demtr\u00f6der C, Herath NI, Griffiths D, Torkington J, Sola\u00df W, et al. In vivo feasibility of electrostatic precipitation as an adjunct to pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (ePIPAC). Ann Surg Oncol 2016;23:592\u20138.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5108-4"},{"key":"2025120909184545853_j_pp-2017-0006_ref_007_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab2b1b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Khosrawipour V, Khosrawipour T, Kern AJ, Osma A, Kabakci B, Diaz-Carballo D, et al. Distribution pattern and penetration depth of doxorubicin after pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) in a postmortem swine model. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016;142:2275\u201380.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-016-2234-0"},{"key":"2025120909184545853_j_pp-2017-0006_ref_008_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab2b1b8Aa","unstructured":"8. Directive 2010\/63\/EU of the European Parliament an of the Council on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Union L 276\/3, 20.10.2010."},{"key":"2025120909184545853_j_pp-2017-0006_ref_009_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab2b1b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Flessner MF. Small-solute transport across specific peritoneal tissue surfaces in the rat. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996;7:225\u201333.","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V72225"},{"key":"2025120909184545853_j_pp-2017-0006_ref_010_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab2b1c10Aa","unstructured":"10. Stavrou G, Kotzampassi K. Gut microbiome, surgical complications and probiotics. Ann Gastroenterol 2017;30:45\u201353."},{"key":"2025120909184545853_j_pp-2017-0006_ref_011_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab2b1c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Solass W, Herbette A, Schwarz T, Hetzel A, Sun JS, Dutreix M, et al. Therapeutic approach of human peritoneal carcinomatosis with Dbait in combination with capnoperitoneum: Proof of concept. Surg Endosc 2012;26:847\u201352.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1289058"},{"key":"2025120909184545853_j_pp-2017-0006_ref_012_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab2b1c12Aa","unstructured":"12. ICH Expert Working Group. ICH Harmonized tripartite guideline. Pharmaceutical development Q8(R2). International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, 2009."},{"key":"2025120909184545853_j_pp-2017-0006_ref_013_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab2b1c13Aa","unstructured":"13. ISO 7708:1995. 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