{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:11:03Z","timestamp":1765278663354,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_pp-2021-0143_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pleural effusions appearing within the first 30 postoperative days following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are classified as early and believed to be directly related to the surgery. The characteristics of such effusions are well-described. Orthotopic heart transplantation is also known to be complicated by pleural effusions; however, their characteristics have not been systematically reported. We assessed the features of early postoperative pleural effusions after heart transplantation and compared them to those of early effusions following CABG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_pp-2021-0143_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively collected demographic, clinical, and laboratory data for patients who underwent either orthotopic heart transplantation (study group) or CABG (comparison group) at our institution and whose postoperative course within 30\u00a0days was complicated by new or\u00a0worsening pleural effusion that prompted drainage. Patients\u00a0subjected to analysis consisted only of those with sufficiently complete laboratory profiles to permit adequate characterization of the nature of their pleural fluid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_pp-2021-0143_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 251 orthotopic heart transplant recipients, seven (2.8%) were found to have sufficiently complete pleural fluid results to be included in the study group. Out of 1,506 patients who underwent CABG, 32 (2.1%) had sufficiently complete pleural fluid results and formed the comparison group. The radiological appearance of pleural effusions in both groups was similar: bilateral in at least half and exclusively moderate to large. Effusions complicating both surgeries were exudative in close to 90% of cases. For those with available leukocyte differential counts, the pleural fluid of the post-orthotopic heart transplantation group was more often neutrophilic (3\/5, 60%), whereas the fluid of the post-coronary artery bypass grafting group was more often lymphocytic (22\/32, 69%) and tended to be hemorrhagic (median RBC count 33,000\u00a0cells\/\u00b5L vs. 10,000\u00a0cells\/\u00b5L). None of the comparisons of pleural fluid characteristics between the two groups reached statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_pp-2021-0143_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This small, descriptive study is the first to systematically report the fluid characteristics of pleural effusions complicating orthotopic heart transplantation within the first 30 postoperative days and to compare this group to those who developed effusions after CABG. Our findings revealed both similarities and differences in the pleural fluid characteristics between these two types of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/pp-2021-0143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T03:35:21Z","timestamp":1639193721000},"page":"161-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characteristics of early pleural effusions after orthotopic heart transplantation: comparison with coronary artery bypass graft surgery"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-3701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anant","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Critical Care , Westchester County Medical Center , Valhalla , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anusha","family":"Devarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine , Westchester Medical Center , Valhalla , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Assallum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Critical Care , Westchester County Medical Center , Valhalla , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Malekan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiothoracic Surgery , Westchester County Medical Center , Valhalla , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregg M.","family":"Lanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Cardiology , Westchester County Medical Center , Valhalla , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Epelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Critical Care , Westchester County Medical Center , Valhalla , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120909295125282_j_pp-2021-0143_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander, JH, Smith, PK. Coronary-artery bypass grafting. N Engl J Med 2016;374:1954\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmra1406944.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1406944"},{"key":"2025120909295125282_j_pp-2021-0143_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Light, RW, Rogers, JT, Cheng, D, Rodriguez, RM. Large pleural effusions occurring after coronary artery bypass grafting. Cardiovascular Surgery Associates, PC. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:891\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00004.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00004"},{"key":"2025120909295125282_j_pp-2021-0143_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadikot, RT, Rogers, JT, Cheng, DS, Moyers, P, Rodriguez, M, Light, RW. Pleural fluid characteristics of patients with symptomatic pleural effusion after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. 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