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Sleep disturbances have been found to precipitate mental illness, suicidal behavior and car accidents, which have been previously linked to\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii as well.<\/jats:italic>\n                    We speculated that if sleep disruption, particularly insomnia, would mediate, at least partly, the link between\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and related behavioral dysregulation, then we would be able to identify significant associations between sleep disruption and\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The mechanisms for such an association may involve dopamine (DA) production by\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or collateral effects of immune activation necessary to keep\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in check. Sleep questionnaires from 2031 Old Order Amish were analyzed in relationship to\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    -IgG antibodies measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    seropositivity and serointensity were not associated with any of the sleep latency variables or Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). A secondary analysis identified, after adjustment for age group, a statistical trend toward shorter sleep duration in seropositive men (p=0.07). In conclusion, it is unlikely that sleep disruption mediates links between\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and mental illness or behavioral dysregulation. Trending gender differences in associations between\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and shorter sleep need further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pterid-2017-0010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]],"date-time":"2017-11-28T17:17:48Z","timestamp":1511889468000},"page":"195-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sleep onset insomnia, daytime sleepiness and sleep duration in relationship to\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    IgG seropositivity and serointensity"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Zaki","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood and Anxiety Program , Department of Psychiatry , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara 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