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Although associations with unipolar depression have also been investigated, the results have been inconsistent, possibly as a consequence of high heterogeneity. We have now studied this association in a more homogeneous population, [that is (i.e.) Old Order Amish (OOA)] with previously reported high\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    seroprevalence. In 306 OOA with a mean age of 46.1\u00b116.7 years, including 191 (62.4%) women in the Amish Wellness Study, we obtained both\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG titers (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), and depression screening questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] [n=280] and PHQ-2 [n=26]). Associations between\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG and dysphoria\/hopelessness and anhedonia scores on depression screening questionnaires were analyzed using multivariable linear methods with adjustment for age and sex. Serointensity was associated with both current dysphoria\/hopelessness (p=0.045) and current combined anhedonia and dysphoria\/hopelessness (p=0.043), while associations with simple anhedonia and past\/lifelong (rather than current) phenotypes were not significant. These results indicate the need for larger longitudinal studies to corroborate the association between dysphoria\/hopelessness and\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG-titers. Current hopelessness is a known risk factor for SSDV which responds particularly well to cognitive behavioral therapy, and may be a focused treatment target for\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive individuals at high-risk for SSDV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pterid-2017-0019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T17:16:29Z","timestamp":1511370989000},"page":"185-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Positive association between\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    IgG serointensity and current dysphoria\/hopelessness scores in the Old Order Amish: a preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Wadhawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood and Anxiety Program , Department of Psychiatry , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"},{"name":"Saint Elizabeths\u2019 Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program , Washington, DC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Dagdag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood and Anxiety Program , Department of Psychiatry , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing , University of South Florida College of Nursing , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie L.","family":"Daue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"},{"name":"Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"},{"name":"Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy A.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"},{"name":"Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology , University of Colorado , Anschutz School of Medicine , Denver, CO , USA"},{"name":"Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE) , Denver, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Stiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood and Anxiety Program , Department of Psychiatry , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"},{"name":"Saint Elizabeths\u2019 Hospital , Department of Neurology , Washington, DC , USA"},{"name":"Maryland State Athletic Commission , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni I.","family":"Pollin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"},{"name":"Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen W.","family":"Groer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing , University of South Florida College of Nursing , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology , Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. 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