{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:53:40Z","timestamp":1791590020460,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2023-0012_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this review study was to assess the risk of exposure to BTEX compounds in gas station workers and operators.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2023-0012_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The main components of BTEX compounds are Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene and Xylene. Petroleum, coal large quantities in crude oil and its products are the most important sources of BTEX compounds. These compounds have both high solubility (found in surface and underground waters) and evaporate quickly. Gas stations are one of the most important sources of emission of these compounds in communities. Workers who work in these places have a lot of exposure to these compounds. Exposure to these dangerous compounds can cause many problems for workers. This study was a narrative review article. According to different databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Cochran and Science Direct, 451 articles were retrieved. 55 full-text articles entered into the analysis process. Finally, 32 articles were selected in this study. The search was restricted to English-language papers published between 1 February 1995 and 13 August 2022. The results of our study showed that the carcinogenic risk (ILCR) for gas station workers in Bangkok (1.82 \u2217 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> \u2212 2.50 \u2217 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>), Shiraz (6.49\u221710<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup> \u2212 1.27 \u2217 10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>), Brazil (1.82 \u2217 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>), Ardabil (390\u221710<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup> \u00b1 1884 \u2217 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>) and Johannesburg (3.78 \u2217 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>) was high. The non-cancer risk for oil industry workers of Dilijan (Iran) who were exposed to toluene was also reported in the range of 10\u22126\u2217176. The health of gas station workers is affected by exposure to BTEX and gasoline vapor emissions. According to the result this study, BTEX compounds cause genotoxic changes, chromosomal and genetic abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2023-0012_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Summary and Outlook<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Genotoxicity at high levels in gas station workers can cause cancerous and non-cancerous risks. Improving the production process of diesel fuel and gasoline in refineries, using periodical examinations of workers and operators at gas and fuel stations, using Euro 4 and 5 fuels, and replacing worn out cars can play an important role in reducing the emission of BTEX compounds and thus reducing health risks and carcinogenic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2023-0012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T18:38:40Z","timestamp":1678819120000},"page":"435-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Associated health risk assessment due to exposure to BTEX compounds in fuel station workers"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Iskandar","family":"Muda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Doctoral Program, Faculty Economic and Business , Universitas Sumatera Utara , Medan , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arefeh","family":"Sepahvad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical sciences , Khorramabad , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical sciences , Khorramabad , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Fadhel Obaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering , Al-Mustaqbal University College , Babylon , Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoume","family":"Taherian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student of Research Committee , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najeh","family":"Alali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Petroleum Engineering, AL-Ayen University , Thi-Qar , Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakhawat","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals , Dhahran , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student of Research Committee and Department of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024090409024810615_j_reveh-2023-0012_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz, LP, Alve, LP, Santos, AV, Esteves, MB, Gomes, \u00cdV, Nunes, LS. 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