{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:21:43Z","timestamp":1788182503432,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Balaban & Spielberger LLP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2025-0063_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Formaldehyde is a known human allergen and irritant, yet health risks from exposure via treated textiles\u00a0\u2013\u00a0especially occupational uniforms\u00a0\u2013\u00a0remain underrecognized. This article combines a review of international literature and public data on formaldehyde sensitization rates and regulatory approaches with a study of airline employees exposed to formaldehyde-treated uniforms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2025-0063_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review was conducted to assess sensitization prevalence and regulatory frameworks across countries. Publicly available data suggest that countries with stricter formaldehyde limits in textiles tend to report lower population-level sensitization rates. To explore implications in the U.S., we assessed self-reported symptoms among 291 airline employees required to wear new uniforms containing 26\u201383\u202fppm of formaldehyde. Participants completed a health survey capturing symptoms before, during, and after uniform use. Results were compared to the 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and smoking status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2025-0063_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to the NHIS sample, uniformed airline employees reported significantly higher rates of asthma, anxiety, depression, and immune-related conditions. Time spent perspiring while wearing uniforms\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a biologically relevant exposure proxy\u00a0\u2013\u00a0was significantly associated with increased dermatologic symptom severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2025-0063_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Outlook<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Even moderate levels of formaldehyde in occupational textiles can trigger adverse health effects under real-world wear conditions involving heat, friction, and perspiration. In the absence of enforceable U.S. regulations for formaldehyde in textiles, employers serve as the first line of defense. They must assess garment safety, consider vulnerable subpopulations, and take precautionary steps\u00a0\u2013\u00a0such as requiring OEKO-TEX certification\u00a0\u2013\u00a0to protect worker health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2025-0063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:29:08Z","timestamp":1751430548000},"page":"639-651","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unfinished business: formaldehyde exposure from uniforms and the case for U.S. textile regulation"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Anderson-Mahoney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Resources , Valley Glen , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Brook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Consulting Network , Santa Monica , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Rock Wohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology , UCLA Fielding School of Public Health , Los Angeles , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Resources , Valley Glen , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1294-6480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ally R.","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University , Everett , WA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn T.","family":"Phan Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente , Los Angeles , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oscar Health , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026083113014197694_j_reveh-2025-0063_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goossens, A, Aerts, O. Contact allergy to and allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers: a clinical review and update. Contact Dermat 2022;87:20\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.14089.","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14089"},{"key":"2026083113014197694_j_reveh-2025-0063_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soltanpour, Z, Mohammadian, Y, Fakhri, Y. The exposure to formaldehyde in industries and health care centers: a systematic review and probabilistic health risk assessment. Environ Res 2022;204:112094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112094.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112094"},{"key":"2026083113014197694_j_reveh-2025-0063_ref_003","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Risk evaluation for formaldehyde; 2024. 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