{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:04:14Z","timestamp":1787979854375,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2025-0080_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a great deal of evidence that cadmium toxicity can have a significant impact on nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of cadmium toxicity on iron deficiency by meta-analysis method in order to clarify the previously obtained results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2025-0080_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Web of Science, Scopus, and Pubmed databases were used for systematic search until December 17th, 2024. RevMan 5.4 software was used to perform meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2025-0080_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six studies were suitable for evaluating environmental\/occupational cadmium exposure. In this analysis, serum cadmium levels were meaningfully higher in the cadmium-exposed groups (p=0.0005), while serum iron levels were meaningfully lower (p=0.0004). Forty-five studies were evaluated to include all diseases in which serum cadmium and serum iron levels were measured and included. According to this analysis, serum cadmium levels were meaningfully higher in case groups than in healthy controls (p&lt;0.00001), while serum iron levels were meaningfully lower (p&lt;0.00001). We also performed subgroup analysis exclusively for cancer patients and observed that serum cadmium levels were significantly elevated in cancer patients (p&lt;0.00001), whereas serum iron levels were significantly decreased (p&lt;0.00001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_reveh-2025-0080_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Outlook<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first meta-analysis assessing the association between cadmium toxicity and iron deficiency. Our findings demonstrate that cadmium may be effective in triggering iron deficiency anemia and inflammation-induced anemia by impairing iron metabolism. However, it should be noted that more detailed studies are needed to clarify these effects of cadmium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2025-0080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:08:14Z","timestamp":1771510094000},"page":"162-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Can cadmium toxicity be a driving force for iron deficiency anemia\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6184-6219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irem","family":"Akin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"37504 Ankara University , Institute of Health Sciences , Interdisciplinary Food , Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Department , Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1237-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuray","family":"Yazihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"37504 Ankara University , Institute of Health Sciences , Interdisciplinary Food , Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Department , Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology , Ankara , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rani, A, Kumar, A, Lal, A, Pant, M. Cellular mechanisms of cadmium-induced toxicity: a review. Int J Environ Health Res 2014;24:378\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09603123.2013.835032.","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2013.835032"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jan, AT, Azam, M, Siddiqui, K, Ali, A, Choi, I, Haq, QM, et al.. Heavy metals and human health: mechanistic insight into toxicity and counter defense system of antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16:29592\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms161226183.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161226183"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_003","unstructured":"Scientific Opinion of the Panel on. Contaminants in the food chain on a request from the European commission on cadmium in food. EFSA J 2009;980:1\u2013139."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_004","unstructured":"Faroon, O, Ashizawa, A, Wright, S, Tucker, P, Jenkins, K, Ingerman, L, et al.. Toxicological profile for cadmium. Atlanta (GA): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US); 2012."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nordberg, GF. Historical perspectives on cadmium toxicology. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009;238:192\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2009.03.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.03.015"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glicklich, D, Frishman, WH. The case for cadmium and lead heavy metal screening. Am J Med Sci 2021;362:344\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2021.05.019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2021.05.019"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernhoft, RA. Cadmium toxicity and treatment. Sci World J 2013;2013:394652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/394652.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/394652"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genchi, G, Sinicropi, MS, Lauria, G, Carocci, A, Catalano, A. The effects of cadmium toxicity. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 2020;17:3782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17113782.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113782"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satarug, S. Dietary cadmium intake and its effects on kidneys. Toxics 2018;6:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics6010015.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics6010015"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00e4rup, L, Agneta, \u00c5. Current status of cadmium as an environmental health problem. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009;238:201\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2009.04.020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.04.020"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hogervorst, J, Plusquin, M, Vangronsveld, J, Nawrot, T, Cuypers, A, Van Hecke, E, et al.. House dust as possible route of environmental exposure to cadmium and lead in the adult general population. Environ Res 2007;103:30\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2006.05.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2006.05.009"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Repi\u0107, A, Bulat, P, Antonijevi\u0107, B, Antunovi\u0107, M, D\u017eudovi\u0107, J, Buha, A, et al.. The influence of smoking habits on cadmium and lead blood levels in the Serbian adult people. ESPR 2020;27:751\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-019-06840-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06840-1"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turgut, S, Polat, A, Inan, M, Turgut, G, Emmungil, G, Bican, M, et al.. Interaction between anemia and blood levels of iron, zinc, copper, cadmium and lead in children. Indian J Pediatr 2007;74:827\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-007-0147-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-007-0147-2"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horiguchi, H, Sato, M, Konno, N, Fukushima, M. Long-term cadmium exposure induces anemia in rats through hypoinduction of erythropoietin in the kidneys. Arch Toxicol 1996;71:11\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002040050352.","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050352"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silver, MK, Lozoff, B, Meeker, JD. Blood cadmium is elevated in iron deficient U.S. children: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2013;12:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-069x-12-117.","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-117"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyder, O, Chung, M, Cosgrove, D, Herman, JM, Li, Z, Firoozmand, A, et al.. Cadmium exposure and liver disease among US adults. J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg 2013;17:1265\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11605-013-2210-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2210-9"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, J, Zhang, H, Niu, J, Luo, B, Wang, H, Tian, M, et al.. Effects of lead and cadmium co-exposure on liver function in residents near a mining and smelting area in northwestern China. Environ Geochem Health 2022;44:4173\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-021-01177-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-021-01177-6"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salama, SA, Arab, HH, Hassan, MH, Al robaian, MM, Maghrabi, IA. Cadmium induced hepatocellular injury: modulatory effects of \u03b3-glutamyl cysteine on the biomarkers of inflammation, DNA damage, and apoptotic cell death. J\u00a0Trace Elem Med Biol 2019;52:74\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2018.12.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2018.12.003"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camaschella, C. Iron-deficiency anemia. N\u00a0Engl J Med 2015;372:1832\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmra1401038.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401038"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elstrott, B, Khan, L, Olson, S, Raghunathan, V, DeLoughery, T, Shatzel, JJ, et al.. The role of iron repletion in adult iron deficiency anemia and other diseases. Eur J Haematol 2020;104:153\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejh.13345.","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13345"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryu, D-Y, Lee, S-J, Park, DW, Choi, B-S, Klaassen, CD, Park, J-D, et al.. Dietary iron regulates intestinal cadmium absorption through iron transporters in rats. Toxicol Lett 2004;152:19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.03.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.03.015"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, JD, Cherrington, NJ, Klaassen, CD. Intestinal absorption of cadmium is associated with divalent metal transporter 1 in rats. Toxicol Sci 2002;68:288\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/68.2.288.","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/68.2.288"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Min, KS, Iwata, N, Tetsutikawahara, N, Onosaka, S, Tanaka, K. Effect of hemolytic and iron-deficiency anemia on intestinal absorption and tissue accumulation of cadmium. Toxicol Lett 2008;179:48\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.04.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.04.001"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer, SG, Schwegler, U, Sch\u00fcmann, K. Retention of cadmium in cadmium naive normal and iron-deficient rats as well as in cadmium-induced iron-deficient animals. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1990;20:71\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0147-6513(90)90047-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-6513(90)90047-9"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, B-K, Kim, Y. Iron deficiency is associated with increased levels of blood cadmium in the Korean general population: analysis of 2008\u20132009 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey data. Environ Res 2012;112:155\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2011.10.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2011.10.013"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallagher, CM, Chen, JJ, Kovach, JS. The relationship between body iron stores and blood and urine cadmium concentrations in US never-smoking, non-pregnant women aged 20\u201349\u00a0years. Environ Res 2011;111:702\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2011.03.007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2011.03.007"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsukahara, T, Ezaki, T, Moriguchi, J, Furuki, K, Fukui, Y, Ukai, H, et al.. No significant effect of iron deficiency on cadmium body burden or kidney dysfunction among women in the general population in Japan. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2003;76:275\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-003-0432-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-003-0432-y"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moher, D, Liberati, A, Tetzlaff, J, Altman, DG, Prisma Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins, JPT, Thompson, SG, Deeks, JJ, Altman, DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003;327:557\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_030","unstructured":"Higgins, JP. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011. [Updated March 2011].version 5.1.0."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afridi, HI, Chanihoon, GQ, Kazi, TG, Talpur, FN, Baig, JA, Channa, GM, et al.. Elemental concentration in the biological samples of Pakistani Male breast cancer patients. Clin Lab 2021;67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7754\/clin.lab.2021.201223.","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2021.201223"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernhard, D, Rossmann, A, Henderson, B, Kind, M, Seubert, A, Wick, G, et al.. Increased serum cadmium and strontium levels in young smokers: effects on arterial endothelial cell gene transcription. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006;26:833\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.atv.0000205616.70614.e5.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000205616.70614.e5"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junaid, M, Malik, RN, Pei, DS. Health hazards of child labor in the leather products and surgical instrument manufacturing industries of sialkot, Pakistan. Environ Pollut 2017;226:198\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.026.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.026"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, CH, Chou, CC, Chuang, HC, Lin, GJ, Pan, CH, Chen, WL, et al.. Receptor for advanced glycation end products in relation to exposure to metal fumes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in shipyard welders. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020;202:110920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110920.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110920"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richard, EE, Augusta Chinyere, NA, Jeremaiah, OS, Opara, UC, Henrieta, EM, Ifunanya, ED, et al.. Cement dust exposure and perturbations in some elements and lung and liver functions of cement factory workers. J\u00a0Toxicol 2016;2016:6104719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/6104719.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6104719"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma, S, Kadyan, PS, Singh, D, Singh, I, Yadav, S. Evaluation of serum metal profile in relation to biri smoking using ICP-MS. Int J Environ Anal Chem 2015;95:1385\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03067319.2015.1100725.","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2015.1100725"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajayi, OO, Charles-Davies, MA, Arinola, OG. Progesterone, selected heavy metals and micronutrients in pregnant Nigerian women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Afr Health Sci 2012;12:153\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v12i2.12.","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v12i2.12"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Fartusie, FS, Mohammed, MA, Thani, MZ, Kader, S, Khadim, RM. Evaluation of heavy metal and specific trace elements levels among fast-food workers and their susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-024-04262-w.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04262-w"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ari, E, Kaya, Y, Demir, H, Asicioglu, E, Keskin, S. The correlation of serum trace elements and heavy metals with carotid artery atherosclerosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011;144:351\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-011-9103-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9103-0"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asker, S, Asker, M, Yeltekin, AC, Aslan, M, Ozbay, B, Demir, H, et al.. Serum levels of trace minerals and heavy metals in severe COPD patients with and without pulmonary hypertension. Int J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis 2018;13:1803-8, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/copd.s164431.","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S164431"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aslan, A, Karapinar, HC, Kilicel, F, Boyac\u0131o\u011flu, T, Pekin, C, Toprak, \u015eS, et al.. Trace element levels in serum and gastric mucosa in patients with Helicobacter pylori positive and negative gastritis. J\u00a0Trace Elem Med Biol 2023;75:127108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.127108.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.127108"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozan, N, Ko\u00e7ak, \u00d6F, Demir, CY, Avc\u0131, K, Erda\u011f, \u00d6, Turan, M, et al.. Serum levels of heavy metals in patients with Bell\u2019s palsy: a case-control study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024;281:891\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08253-w.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08253-w"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cebi, A, Kaya, Y, Gungor, H, Demir, H, Yoruk, IH, Soylemez, N, et al.. Trace elements, heavy metals and vitamin levels in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Med Sci 2011;8:456\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijms.8.456.","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.8.456"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cemek, M, B\u00fcy\u00fckokuro\u011flu, ME, B\u00fcy\u00fckben, A, Aymelek, F, Y\u0131lmaz, F, Do\u011fan, M, et al.. Bio-element status in children with acute rheumatic fever: before treatment and after clinical improvement. Pediatr Cardiol 2010;31:1002\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-010-9752-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-010-9752-3"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_045","unstructured":"Demir, C, Demir, H, Esen, R, Sehitogullari, A, Atmaca, M, Alay, M, et al.. Altered serum levels of elements in acute leukemia cases in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev APJCP 2011;12:3471\u20134."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, G, Chen, H, Liu, Y, Zhou, Y, Lin, X, Wei, Y, et al.. Combined exposure to multiple essential elements and cadmium at early pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. Front Nutr 2023;10:1278617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1278617.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1278617"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, X, Jiang, M, Jing, H, Sheng, W, Wang, X, Han, J, et al.. Analysis of serum levels of 15 trace elements in breast cancer patients in Shandong, China. ESPR 2014;22:7930\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-014-3970-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3970-9"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dixit, R, Chaudhary, NK, Mishra, PK, Srivastava, P, Bhartiya, SK, Pratap, A, et al.. Study on blood serum levels of heavy and trace metals in chronic non-healing wounds. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2024;23:524\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15347346221074161.","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346221074161"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_049","unstructured":"Forte, G, Alimonti, A, Pino, A, Stanzione, P, Brescianini, S, Brusa, L, et al.. Metals and oxidative stress in patients with parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2005;41:189\u201395."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_050","unstructured":"Ganiyu, AO, Mabel, CD. The serum levels of trace metals in Nigerian males with different PSA values. Malays J Med Sci 2008;15:39\u201342."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gezh, SAS, Aycan, A, Demir, H, Bozl\u0131na, C. Determination of trace element levels in patients with burst fractures. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2018;24:244\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/tjtes.2017.08839.","DOI":"10.5505\/tjtes.2017.08839"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_052","unstructured":"Gonullu, H, Gonullu, E, Karadas, S, Arslan, M, Kalemci, O, Aycan, A, et al.. The levels of trace elements and heavy metals in patients with acute migraine headache. J\u00a0Pakistan Med Assoc 2015;65:694\u20137."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez, R, Garc\u00eda-Barrera, T, G\u00f3mez-Ariza, JL. Characterization of metal profiles in serum during the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Metallomics 2014;6:292\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c3mt00301a.","DOI":"10.1039\/C3MT00301A"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00fcrb\u00fcz-Urvas\u0131zo\u011flu, G, Ataol, M, \u00d6zgeri\u015f, FB. Trace elements released from dental implants with periimplantitis: a cohort study. Ir J Med Sci 19712022;191:2305\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-022-03020-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-022-03020-y"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, A, Li, L, Hu, C, Zhang, D, Wang, C, Jiang, Y, et al.. Serum concentrations of 15 elements among helicobacter pylori-infected residents from lujiang county with high gastric cancer risk in Eastern China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018;186:21\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-018-1283-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1283-4"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karadas, S, Say\u0131n, R, Aslan, M, Gonullu, H, Kat\u0131, C, Dursun, R, et al.. Serum levels of trace elements and heavy metals in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. J\u00a0Membr Biol 2014;247:175\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00232-013-9621-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-013-9621-0"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaya, Y, Ari, E, Demir, H, Gecit, I, Beytur, A, Kaspar, C, et al.. Serum cadmium levels are independently associated with endothelial function in hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2012;44:1487\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-011-0055-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-011-0055-2"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khadim, RM, Al-Fartusie, FS. Evaluation of some trace elements and antioxidants in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a case\u2013control study. Clin Rheumatol 2023;42:55\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-022-06324-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06324-7"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolusari, A, Kurdoglu, M, Yildizhan, R, Adali, E, Edirne, T, Cebi, A, et al.. Catalase activity, serum trace element and heavy metal concentrations, and vitamin A, D and E levels in pre-eclampsia. J\u00a0Int Med Res 2008;36:1335\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/147323000803600622.","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000803600622"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavanya, RD, Reddy, BS, Abdul Sattar, S, Rao, ADP. Trace element imbalances in blood serum of Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. Spectrosc Lett 2021;54:458\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00387010.2021.1941124.","DOI":"10.1080\/00387010.2021.1941124"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z, Liu, Y, Li, X, Ju, W, Wu, G, Yang, X, et al.. Association of elements with schizophrenia and intervention of selenium supplements. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017;183:16\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-017-1105-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1105-0"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, T, Liu, T, Lin, Y, Yan, L, Chen, Z, Wang, J, et al.. Comparative study on serum levels of macro and trace elements in schizophrenia based on supervised learning methods. J\u00a0Trace Elem Med Biol 2017;43:202\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2017.03.010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2017.03.010"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmood, MHR, Qayyum, MA, Yaseen, F, Farooq, T, Farooq, Z, Yaseen, M, et al.. Multivariate investigation of toxic and essential metals in the serum from various types and stages of colorectal cancer patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021;200:31\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-021-02632-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02632-2"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nassef, YE, Shady, MA, Mansour, M, Hamed, MAA. Trace elements, heavy metals and vitamins in Egyptian school children with iron deficiency anemia. J\u00a0Pediatr Biochem 2014;4:171\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1586478.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1586478"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nystr\u00f6m-Rosander, C, Lindh, U, Friman, G, Lindqvist, O, Thelin, S, Ilb\u00e4ck, NG, et al.. Trace element changes in sclerotic heart valves from patients are expressed in their blood. Biometals 2004;17:121\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/b-biom.0000018374.99902.bc.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BIOM.0000018374.99902.bc"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nystr\u00f6m-Rosander, C, Frisk, P, Edvinsson, M, Hjelm, E, Thelin, S, Friman, G, et al.. Thoracic aortic aneurysm patients with Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection showed a shift in trace element levels in serum and diseased aortic tissue. J\u00a0Trace Elem Med Biol 2009;23:100\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2009.01.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2009.01.002"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olaniyi, JA, Arinola, OG. Essential trace elements and antioxidant status in relation to severity of HIV in Nigerian patients. Med Princ Pract 2007;16:420\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000107745.","DOI":"10.1159\/000107745"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prystupa, A, B\u0142a\u017cewicz, A, Kici\u0144ski, P, Sak, JJ, Niedzia\u0142ek, J, Za\u0142uska, W, et al.. Serum concentrations of selected heavy metals in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis from the Lublin region in Eastern Poland. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 2016;13:582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph13060582.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13060582"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qayyum, MA, Farooq, Z, Yaseen, M, Mahmood, MHR, Irfan, A, Zafar, MN, et al.. Statistical assessment of toxic and essential metals in the serum of female patients with lung carcinoma from Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019;197:367\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-019-01998-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01998-8"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ristori, G, Brescianini, S, Pino, A, Visconti, A, Vittori, D, Coarelli, G, et al.. Serum elements and oxidative status in clinically isolated syndromes: imbalance and predictivity. Neurology 2011;76:549\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0b013e31820af7de.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820af7de"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarangi, SC, Tripathi, M, Kakkar, AK, Gupta, YK. Effect of antiepileptic therapy on trace elements status in Indian population in a tertiary care hospital from northern India: a cross sectional study. Epilepsy Res 2014;108:917\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.014"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaji, CS, Saraswathy, R. Copper levels, cadmium toxicity and presence of taste anomalies as predictors for early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Res J Biotechnol 2023;18:114\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25303\/1812rjbt1140121.","DOI":"10.25303\/1812rjbt1140121"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swadi, A, Majid, AY, Daraji, SDF, Mahmood, HG. Role of NMP22 and major trace element in diagnosis of bladder cancer. Ann Trop Med Publ Health 2020;23:SP231605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36295\/asro.2020.231605.","DOI":"10.36295\/ASRO.2020.231605"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, Y-R, Zhang, S-Q, Xiong, Y, Zhao, Y, Fu, H, Zhang, H-P, et al.. Studies of five microelement contents in human serum, hair, and fingernails correlated with aged hypertension and coronary heart disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2003;92:97\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1385\/bter:92:2:97.","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:92:2:97"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tascilar, ME, Ozgen, IT, Abaci, A, Serdar, M, Aykut, O. Trace elements in obese Turkish children. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011;143:188\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-010-8878-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-010-8878-8"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turan, K, Arslan, A, U\u00e7kan, K, Demir, H, Demir, C. Change of the levels of trace elements and heavy metals in threatened abortion. J\u00a0Chin Med Assoc 2019;82:554\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000077.","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000077"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T\u00fcrkdo\u011fan, MK, Karapinar, HS, Kilicel, F. Serum trace element levels of gastrointestinal cancer patients in an endemic upper gastrointestinal cancer region. J\u00a0Trace Elem Med Biol 2022;72:126978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126978.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126978"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_078","unstructured":"Visconti, A, Cotichini, R, Cannoni, S, Bocca, B, Forte, G, Ghazaryan, A, et al.. Concentration of elements in serum of patients affected by multiple sclerosis with first demyelinating episode: a six-month longitudinal follow-up study. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2005;41:217\u201322."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yetisgin, F, Bilici, M, Esen, R. Evaluation of serum levels of trace elements in myeloproliferative neoplasms: a case-control study. E J Med 2021;26:344\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/ejm.2021.58751.","DOI":"10.5505\/ejm.2021.58751"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z, Zhao, S, Wu, H, Qin, W, Zhang, T, Wang, Y, et al.. Cross-sectional study: relationship between serum trace elements and hypertension. J\u00a0Trace Elem Med Biol 2022;69:126893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2021.126893.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2021.126893"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_081","unstructured":"Perrelli, M, Wu, R, Liu, DJ, Lucchini, RG, Del Bosque-Plata, L, Vergare, MJ, et al.. Heavy metals as risk factors for human diseases\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a Bayesian network approach. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022;26:9275\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202212_30681."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, Z, Singh, VP. The relative impact of toxic heavy metals (THMs) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr)(VI), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) on the total environment: an overview. Environ Monit Assess 2019;191:419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-019-7528-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-7528-7"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balali-Mood, M, Naseri, K, Tahergorabi, Z, Khazdair, MR, Sadeghi, M. Toxic mechanisms of five heavy metals: mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic. Front Pharmacol 2021;12:643972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.643972.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.643972"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, Y, Wang, H, Wang, Q, Wang, X. Amelioration of cadmium cytotoxicity to human cells by nutrient cation contents and the building of a biotic ligand model. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023;253:114690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114690.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114690"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akesson, A, Berglund, M, Sch\u00fctz, A, Bjellerup, P, Bremme, K, Vahter, M, et al.. Cadmium exposure in pregnancy and lactation in relation to iron status. Am J Publ Health 2002;92:284\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.92.2.284.","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.2.284"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reeves, PG, Chaney, RL. Nutritional status affects the absorption and whole-body and organ retention of cadmium in rats fed rice-based diets. Environ Sci Technol 2002;36:2684\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es0158307.","DOI":"10.1021\/es0158307"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moulis, JM. Cellular mechanisms of cadmium toxicity related to the homeostasis of essential metals. Biometals 2010;23:877\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10534-010-9336-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-010-9336-y"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reeves, PG, Chaney, RL. Marginal nutritional status of zinc, iron, and calcium increases cadmium retention in the duodenum and other organs of rats fed rice-based diets. Environ Res 2004;96:311\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2004.02.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2004.02.013"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Min, KS, Sano, E, Ueda, H, Sakazaki, F, Yamada, K, Takano, M, et al.. Dietary deficiency of calcium and\/or iron, an age-related risk factor for renal accumulation of cadmium in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2015;38:1557\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b15-00341.","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b15-00341"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bannon, DI, Abounader, R, Lees, PS, Bressler, JP. Effect of DMT1 knockdown on iron, cadmium, and lead uptake in Caco-2 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003;284:C44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00184.2002.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00184.2002"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Min, KS, Ueda, H, Kihara, T, Tanaka, K. Increased hepatic accumulation of ingested Cd is associated with upregulation of several intestinal transporters in mice fed diets deficient in essential metals. Toxicol Sci 2008;106:284\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn146.","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn146"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujiwara, Y, Lee, J-Y, Banno, H, Imai, S, Tokumoto, M, Hasegawa, T, et al.. Cadmium induces iron deficiency anemia through the suppression of iron transport in the duodenum. Toxicol Lett 2020;332:130\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.07.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.07.005"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tokumoto, M, Lee, JY, Fujiwara, Y, Satoh, M. Long-term exposure to cadmium causes hepatic iron deficiency through the suppression of iron-transport-related gene expression in the proximal. Toxics 2023;11:641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics11070641.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11070641"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stockwell, BR. Ferroptosis turns 10: emerging mechanisms, physiological functions, therapeutic applications. Cell 2022;185:2401\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.003"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, D, Chen, X, Kang, R, Kroemer, G. Ferroptosis: molecular mechanisms and health implications. Cell Res 2021;31:107\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41422-020-00441-1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-00441-1"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, L, Zhou, J, Wang, X, Zhang, Y, Wang, M, Su, P. Cadmium attenuates testosterone synthesis by promoting ferroptosis and blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2021;176:176\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.028.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.028"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, H, Xu, Y, Xu, J, Zhang, J, Xi, Y, Pi, H, et al.. Cadmium exposure impairs pancreatic \u03b2-cell function and exaggerates diabetes by disrupting lipid metabolism. Environ Int 2021;149:106406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106406.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106406"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aschner, M, Skalny, AV, Martins, AC, Sinitskii, AI, Farina, M, Lu, R, et al.. Ferroptosis as a mechanism of non ferrous metal toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2022;96:2391\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-022-03317-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-022-03317-y"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, Z, Shen, P, Feng, L, Hao, H, He, Y, Fan, G, et al.. Cadmium induces liver dysfunction and ferroptosis through the endoplasmic stress-ferritinophagy axis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022;245:114123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114123.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114123"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, R, Ge, J, Song, X, Li, F, Sun-Waterhouse, D, Li, D, et al.. Cadmium induces ferroptosis and apoptosis by modulating miR-34a-5p\/Sirt1axis in PC12 cells. Environ Toxicol 2022;37:41\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.23376.","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23376"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y, Wu, J, Zhang, M, OuYang, H, Li, M, Jia, D, et al.. Cadmium exposure during puberty damages testicular development and spermatogenesis via ferroptosis caused by intracellular iron overload and oxidative stress in mice. Environ Pollut 2023;325:121434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121434.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121434"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, T, Yan, W, Liu, C, Duan, W, Duan, Y, Li, Y, et al.. Cadmium exposure promotes ferroptosis by upregulating heat shock protein 70 in vascular endothelial damage of zebrafish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023;263:115241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115241.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115241"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coradduzza, D, Congiargiu, A, Azara, E, Mammani, IMA, De Miglio, MR, Zinellu, A, et al.. Heavy metals in biological samples of cancer patients: a systematic literature review. Biometals 2024;37:803\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10534-024-00583-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-024-00583-4"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_104","unstructured":"https:\/\/monographs.iarc.who.int\/list-of-classifications [Accessed 05 Oct 2024]."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, N-W, Wang, H-Y, Du, C-L, Yuan, T-H, Chen, C-Y, Yu, C-J, et al.. Air polluted environmental heavy metal exposure increase lung cancer incidence and mortality: a population-based longitudinal cohort study. Sci Total Environ 2022;810:152186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152186.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152186"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pietrzak, S, W\u00f3jcik, J, Baszuk, P, Marciniak, W, Wojty\u015b, M, D\u0119bniak, T, et al.. Influence of the levels of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead on overall survival in lung cancer. Biomolecules 2021;11:1160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11081160.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11081160"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L, Zhang, M, Men, Y, Wang, W, Zhang, W. Heavy metals interfere with plasma metabolites, including lipids and amino acids, in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020;19:2925\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2020.11402.","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.11402"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An\u0111elkovi\u0107, M, Djordjevic, AB, Miljakovi\u0107, EA, Javorac, D, \u010colakovi\u0107, N, Opri\u0107, S, et al.. Cadmium tissue level in women diagnosed with breast cancer\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a case control study. Environ Res 2021;199:111300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111300.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111300"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Julin, B, Wolk, A, Johansson, JE, Andersson, SO, Andr\u00e9n, O, Akesson, A, et al.. Dietary cadmium exposure and prostate cancer incidence: a population-based prospective cohort study. Br J Cancer 2012;107:895\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2012.311.","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.311"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eriksen, KT, Halkj\u00e6r, J, Meliker, JR, McElroy, JA, S\u00f8rensen, M, Tj\u00f8nneland, A, et al.. Dietary cadmium intake and risk of prostate cancer: a danish prospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2015;15:177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-015-1153-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1153-9"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju-Kun, S, Yuan, DB, Rao, HF, Chen, TF, Luan, BS, Xu, XM, et al.. Association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer: a PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltim) 2016;95:e2708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000002708.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002708"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Florez-Garcia, VA, Guevara-Romero, EC, Hawkins, MM, Bautista, LE, Jenson, TE, Yu, J, et al.. Cadmium exposure and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Environ Res 2023;219:115109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.115109.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.115109"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C, Xun, P, Nishijo, M, He, K. Cadmium exposure and risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies among general and occupational populations. J\u00a0Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2016;26:437\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jes.2016.6.","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2016.6"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filippini, T, Torres, D, Lopes, C, Carvalho, C, Moreira, P, Naska, A, et al.. Cadmium exposure and risk of breast cancer: a dose response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Environ Int 2020;142:105879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105879.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105879"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C, Xun, P, Nishijo, M, Carter, S, He, K. Cadmium exposure and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies among the general and occupational populations. Sci Rep 2016;6:25814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep25814.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25814"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Maele-Fabry, G, Lombaert, N, Lison, D. Dietary exposure to cadmium and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Int 2016;86:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2015.10.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.10.003"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madeddu, C, Gramignano, G, Astara, G, Demontis, R, Sanna, E, Atzeni, V, et al.. Pathogenesis and treatment options of cancer related anemia: perspective for a targeted mechanism-based approach. Front Physiol 2018;9:1294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.01294.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01294"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natalucci, V, Virgili, E, Calcagnoli, F, Valli, G, Agostini, D, Zeppa, SD, et al.. Cancer related anemia: an integrated multitarget approach and lifestyle interventions. Nutrients 2021;13:482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13020482.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020482"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birgeg\u00e5rd, G, Aapro, MS, Bokemeyer, C, Dicato, M, Drings, P, Hornedo, J, et al.. Cancer-related anemia: pathogenesis, prevalence and treatment. Oncology 2005;68:3\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000083128.","DOI":"10.1159\/000083128"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossein-Khannazer, N, Azizi, G, Eslami, S, Alhassan Mohammed, H, Fayyaz, F, Hosseinzadeh, R, et al.. The effects of cadmium exposure in the induction of inflammation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020;42:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08923973.2019.1697284.","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2019.1697284"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamy, P-J, Durigova, A, Jacot, W. Iron homeostasis and anemia markers in early breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2014;434:34\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2014.04.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.04.011"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akta\u015f, BY, Ata, EB, \u00c7e\u015fmeci, E, \u00c7ak\u0131r, \u0130Y, Co\u015fkunp\u0131nar, M, Tahillio\u011flu, Y, et al.. Seven-year single-center experience of the efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in cancer patients with iron-deficiency anemia. Curr Oncol 2023;30:9689\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol30110703.","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30110703"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_123","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention, and control. A guide for programme managers. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2001, vol XXXIII."},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ludwig, H, Van Belle, S, Barrett-Lee, P, Birgeg\u00e5rd, G, Bokemeyer, C, Gasc\u00f3n, P, et al.. The European cancer anaemia survey (ECAS): a large, multinational, prospective survey defining the prevalence, incidence, and treatment of anaemia in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:2293\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2004.06.019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2004.06.019"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caro, JJ, Salas, M, Ward, A, Goss, G. Anemia as an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with cancer: a systemic, quantitative review. Cancer 2001;91:2214\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142(20010615)91:12<2214::aid-cncr1251>3.3.co;2-g.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010615)91:12<2214::AID-CNCR1251>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nandakumar, S, Singh, N, Tharani, AR, Pankiw, M, Brezden-Masley, C. Intravenous iron and iron deficiency anemia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review. PLoS One 2024;19:e0302964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0302964.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302964"},{"key":"2026061608041276500_j_reveh-2025-0080_ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birgeg\u00e5rd, G, Henry, D, Glaspy, J, Chopra, R, Thomsen, LL, Auerbach, M, et al.. A randomized noninferiority trial of intravenous iron isomaltoside versus oral iron sulfate in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies and anemia receiving chemotherapy: the PROFOUND trial. Pharmacotherapy 2016;36:402\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.1729.","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1729"}],"container-title":["Reviews on Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/reveh-2025-0080\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/reveh-2025-0080\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T08:06:39Z","timestamp":1781597199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/reveh-2025-0080\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/reveh-2025-0080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/reveh-2025-0080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-7554","2191-0308"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-7554","type":"print"},{"value":"2191-0308","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]}}}