{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:44:30Z","timestamp":1790394270988,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postural instability (PI) is one of the most debilitating motor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), as it is associated with an increased risk of falls and subsequent medical complications (e.g. fractures), fear of falling, decreased mobility, self-restricted physical activity, social isolation, and decreased quality of life. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PI in PD remain elusive. This short review provides a critical summary of the literature on PI in PD, covering the clinical features, the neural and cognitive substrates, and the effects of dopaminergic medications and deep brain stimulation. The delayed effect of dopaminergic medication combined with the success of extrastriatal deep brain stimulation suggests that PI involves neurotransmitter systems other than dopamine and brain regions extending beyond the basal ganglia, further challenging the traditional view of PD as a predominantly single-system neurodegenerative disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2016-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,11]],"date-time":"2016-03-11T06:43:43Z","timestamp":1457678623000},"page":"549-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Postural instability and falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jacob J.","family":"Crouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2214, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2214, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Jahanshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Cognitive Motor Neuroscience Group and Unit of Functional Neurosurgery Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp261","article-title":"Unilateral pedunculopontine stimulation improves falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"133","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref1421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313508470","article-title":"The relative contribution of physical and cognitive fall risk factors in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a large prospective cohort study","volume":"28","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. 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