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This review encompasses several aspects of melatonin activity, such as synthesis, source, structure, distribution, function, signaling and its role in normal physiology. The review highlights the cellular signaling and messenger systems involved in melatonin\u2019s action on the body and their wider implications, the distribution and diverse action of different melatonin receptors in specific areas of the brain, and the pharmacological agonists and antagonists that have specific action on these melatonin receptors. This review also incorporates the antitumor effects of melatonin in considerable detail, emphasizing on melatonin\u2019s role as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in glioma treatment. We conclude that the diminishing levels of melatonin have significant debilitating effects on normal physiology and can also be associated with malignant conditions such as glioma. Based on the review of the available evidence, our study provides a broad platform for a better understanding of the specific roles of melatonin and serves as a starting point for further investigation into the therapeutic effect of melatonin in glioma as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2018-0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,12]],"date-time":"2019-01-12T09:02:29Z","timestamp":1547283749000},"page":"527-541","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Melatonin and its anti-glioma functions: a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sayantan","family":"Maitra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Family Welfare, Institute of Pharmacy , Jalpaiguri 735101, Govt. of West Bengal , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debanjan","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery , Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stabak","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Family Welfare, Institute of Pharmacy , Jalpaiguri 735101, Govt. of West Bengal , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1326-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhrajit","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine , 1510 Cliffton Rd. 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