{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:09:14Z","timestamp":1790212154992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2018-0026_s_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is associated with poor quality of sleep, but the detailed underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study we investigated the influence of CWP on morning cortisol and fasting glucose concentrations as well as sleep disordered breathing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2018-0026_s_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this case-control study, subjects with CWP (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =31) and a control group without CWP (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =23) were randomly selected from a population-based cohort of women. Current pain intensity, sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness [Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS)], psychiatric comorbidity and occurrence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) were assessed. Overnight polygraphy was applied to quantify sleep apnoea, airflow limitation and attenuations of finger pulse wave amplitude (&gt;50%) as a surrogate marker for increased skin sympathetic activity. Morning cortisol and fasting glucose concentrations were determined. Generalised linear models were used for multivariate analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2018-0026_s_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CWP was associated with higher cortisol (464\u00b1141 vs. 366\u00b1111 nmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.011) and fasting glucose (6.0\u00b10.8 vs. 5.4\u00b10.7 mmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.007) compared with controls. The significance remained after adjustment for age, body mass index, RLS and anxiety status (\u03b2=122\u00b147 nmol\/L and 0.89\u00b10.28 mmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.009 and 0.001, respectively). The duration of flow limitation in sleep was longer (35\u00b122 vs. 21\u00b134 min,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.022), and pulse wave attenuation was more frequent (11\u00b18 vs. 6\u00b12 events\/h,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.048) in CWP subjects compared with controls. RLS was associated with higher ESS independent of CWP (\u03b2=3.1\u00b11.3,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.018).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2018-0026_s_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated morning cortisol, impaired fasting glucose concentration and increased skin sympathetic activity during sleep suggested an activated adrenal medullary system in subjects with CWP, which was not influenced by comorbid RLS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2018-0026_s_005\">\n                    <jats:title>Implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CWP is associated with activated stress markers that may deteriorate sleep.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]],"date-time":"2018-04-12T03:55:07Z","timestamp":1523505307000},"page":"187-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Morning cortisol and fasting glucose are elevated in women with chronic widespread pain independent of comorbid restless legs syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Romana","family":"Stehlik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Pain Centre , Uppsala University Hospital , S-751 85 Uppsala , Sweden , Phone: +46 767036667"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Ulfberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Center, Capio Health Center , Orebro , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Sleep Disorders Center , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludger","family":"Grote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Sleep Disorders Center , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg DL, Tuggwell P, Campell SL, Abeles M, Clark P, Fam AG, Farber SJ, Fiechtner JJ, Fanklin CM, Gatter RA, Hamaty D, Lessard J, Lichtbroun AS, Masi AT, McCain GA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:160\u201372.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papageorgiou AC, Silman AJ, Macfarlane GJ. Chronic widespread pain in the population: a seven year follow up study. Ann Rheum Dis 2002;61:1071\u20134.","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.12.1071"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costigan M, Scholz J, Woolf CJ. Neuropathic pain: a maladaptive response of the nervous system to damage. Ann Rev Neurosci 2009;32:1\u201332.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135531"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE, Blonna D. Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Pain Res Treat 2012;2012:426130.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/426130"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen RP, Earley CJ. Restless legs syndrome: a review of clinical and pathophysiologic features. J Clin Neurophysiol 2001;18:128\u201347.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200103000-00004"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen RP. Restless Leg Syndrome\/Willis-Ekbom Disease Pathophysiology. Sleep Med Clin 2015;10:207\u201314.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2015.05.022"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stehlik R, Arvidsson L, Ulfberg J. Restless legs syndrome is common among female patients with fibromyalgia. Eur Neurol 2009;61:107\u201311.","DOI":"10.1159\/000180313"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viola-Saltzman M, Watson NF, Bogart A, Goldberg J, Buchwald D. High prevalence of restless legs syndrome among patients with fibromyalgia: a controlled cross-sectional study. J Clin Sleep Med 2010;6:423\u20137.","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27929"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stehlik R, Ulfberg J, Hedner J, Grote L. High prevalence of restless legs syndrome among women with multi-site pain: a population-based study in Dalarna, Sweden. Eur J Pain 2014;18:1402\u20139.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.504"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulfberg J, Nystrom B, Carter N, Edling C. Restless Legs Syndrome among working-aged women. Eur Neurol 2001;46:17\u20139.","DOI":"10.1159\/000050750"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, Neckelmann D. The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. J Psychosom Res 2002;52:69\u201377.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van den Hoven LH, Gorter KJ, Picavet HS. Measuring musculoskeletal pain by questionnaires: the manikin versus written questions. Eur J Pain 2010;14:335\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.06.002"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price DD, McGrath PA, Rafii A, Buckingham B. The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain. Pain 1983;17:45\u201356.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90126-4"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freynhagen R, Baron R, Gockel U, Tolle TR. painDETECT: a new screening questionnaire to identify neuropathic components in patients with back pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:1911\u201320.","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X132488"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freynhagen R, Tolle TR, Gockel U, Baron R. The painDETECT project \u2013 far more than a screening tool on neuropathic pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2016;32:1033\u201357.","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2016.1157460"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gran JT. The epidemiology of chronic generalized musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2003;17:547\u201361.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00042-1"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salas RE, Gamaldo CE, Allen RP. Update in restless legs syndrome. Curr Opin Neurol 2010;23:401\u20136.","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32833bcdd8"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walters AS, LeBrocq C, Dhar A, Hening W, Rosen R, Allen RP, Trenkwalder C; International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2003;4:121\u201332.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00258-7"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28:193\u2013213.","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1991;14:540\u20135.","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berry RB, Budhiraja R, Gottlieb DJ, Gozal D, Iber C, Kapur VK, Marcus CL, Mehra R, Parthasarathy S, Quan SF, Redline S, Strohl KP, Davidson Ward SL, Tangredi MM. Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. Deliberations of the Sleep Apnea Definitions Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med 2012;8:597\u2013619.","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou D, Grote L, Eder DN, Peker Y, Hedner J. Obstructive apneic events induce alpha-receptor mediated digital vasoconstriction. Sleep 2004;27:485\u20139.","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.3.485"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Earley CJ, Ponnuru P, Wang X, Patton SM, Conner JR, Beard JL, Taub DD, Allen RP. Altered iron metabolism in lymphocytes from subjects with restless legs syndrome. Sleep 2008;31:847\u201352.","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.6.847"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salminen AV, Rimpila V, Polo O. Peripheral hypoxia in restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease). Neurology 2014;82:1856\u201361.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000454"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kvetnansky R, Sabban EL, Palkovits M. Catecholaminergic systems in stress: structural and molecular genetic approaches. Physiol Rev 2009;89:535\u2013606.","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00042.2006"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams DA, Clauw DJ. Understanding fibromyalgia: lessons from the broader pain research community. J Pain 2009;10:777\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.06.001"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torpy DJ, Papanicolaou DA, Lotsikas AJ, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP, Pillemer SR. Responses of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to interleukin-6: a pilot study in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:872\u201380.","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200004)43:4<872::AID-ANR19>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler GK, Geenen R. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and autonomic nervous system functioning in fibromyalgia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2005;31:187\u2013202, xi.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2004.10.002"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crofford LJ. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Z Rheumatol 1998;57 Suppl 2:67\u201371.","DOI":"10.1007\/s003930050239"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heim C, Ehlert U, Hellhammer DH. The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2000;25:1\u201335.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00035-9"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker S, Schweinhardt P. Dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems in fibromyalgia, their role in central stress circuitry and pharmacological actions on these systems. Pain Res Treat 2012;2012:741\u20136.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/741746"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klerman EB, Goldenberg DL, Brown EN, Maliszewski AM, Adler GK. Circadian rhythms of women with fibromyalgia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1034\u20139.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.3.1034"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Denderen JC, Boersma JW, Zeinstra P, Hollander AP, van Neerbos BR. Physiological effects of exhaustive physical exercise in primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS): is PFS a disorder of neuroendocrine reactivity? Scand J Rheumatol 1992;21:35\u20137.","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749209095060"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maletic V, Raison CL. Neurobiology of depression, fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2009;14:5291\u2013338.","DOI":"10.2741\/3598"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Generaal E, Vogelzangs N, Macfarlane GJ, Geenen R, Smit JH, Penninx BW, Dekker J. Reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in chronic multi-site musculoskeletal pain: partly masked by depressive and anxiety disorders. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014;15:227.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-227"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blackburn-Munro G. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction as a contributory factor to chronic pain and depression. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2004;8:116\u201324.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-004-0025-9"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maripuu M, Wikgren M, Karling P, Adolfsson R, Norrback KF. Relative hypo- and hypercortisolism are both associated with depression and lower quality of life in bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2014;9:e98682.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098682"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoogwout SJ, Paananen MV, Smith AJ, Beales DJ, O\u2019Sullivan PB, Straker LM, Eastwood PR, McArdle N, Champion D. Musculoskeletal pain is associated with restless legs syndrome in young adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015;16:294.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0765-1"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stehlik R, Ulfberg J, Zou D, Hedner J, Grote L. Perceived sleep deficit is a strong predictor of RLS in multisite pain \u2013 A population based study in middle aged females. Scand J Pain 2017;17:1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2017.06.003"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Earley CJ, Connor J, Garcia-Borreguero D, Jenner P, Winkelman J, Zee PC, Allen R. Altered brain iron homeostasis and dopaminergic function in Restless Legs Syndrome (Willis-Ekbom Disease). Sleep Med 2014;15:1288\u2013301.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.05.009"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahlin-Larsson B, Ulfberg J, Aulin KP, Kadi F. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in skeletal muscle of patients with sleep disorders. Muscle Nerve 2009;40:556\u201361.","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21357"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schilling C, Schredl M, Strobl P, Deuschle M. Restless legs syndrome: evidence for nocturnal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system activation. Mov Disord 2010;25:1047\u201352.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23026"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montplaisir J, Boucher S, Poirier G, Lavigne G, Lapierre O, Lesperance P. Clinical, polysomnographic, and genetic characteristics of restless legs syndrome: a study of 133 patients diagnosed with new standard criteria. Mov Disord 1997;12:61\u20135.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120111"},{"key":"2025120909531687109_j_sjpain-2018-0026_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karroum EG, Golmard JL, Leu-Semenescu S, Arnulf I. Painful restless legs syndrome: a severe, burning form of the disease. Clin J Pain 2015;31:459\u201366.","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000133"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/sjpain.2018.18.issue-2\/sjpain-2018-0026\/sjpain-2018-0026.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0026\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0026\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:40:37Z","timestamp":1765280437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0026\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-8879","1877-8860"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-8879","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1877-8860","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,3]]}}}