{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:44:11Z","timestamp":1792622651032,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2018-0307_s_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the Nordic countries have considerably stricter controls on opioid prescribing for chronic non-cancer pain than other countries, previous research has warned that prescription of strong opioids is increasing. This study examines consumption of and developments in dispensed prescribed opioids to individuals receiving ambulatory care from 2006 to 2017, using publicly available data from each of three Nordic countries\u2019 national prescription registries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2018-0307_s_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated, cross-sectional design. One-year prevalence of all dispensed prescribed opioids in ATC N02A group were reported for Norway, Denmark, and Sweden in the period 2006\u20132017 by gender. One-year prevalence of the weak opioids tramadol and codeine and the strong opioid oxycodone were then reported separately over this period for each country. The mean defined daily dose (DDD) per user per year, an estimate of the amount of opioids prescribed, was reported for each of the three opioids in 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2018-0307_s_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patterns of dispensed prescribed opioids differ greatly between 2006 and 2017 and between countries, with tramadol increasing in Norway, codeine declining across the board, and oxycodone increasing in all three countries. Norway exceeded Sweden and Denmark in prevalence of all dispensed prescribed opioids, with 12.1% of the female Norwegian population and 9.2% of the male Norwegian population dispensed at least one prescribed opioid as an outpatient in 2016. Norway\u2019s high overall prevalence rates are tempered by dispensing the lowest mean doses of both weak opioids compared to Sweden. Similarly, Sweden dispenses the lowest mean doses of oxycodone but to the largest proportion of its population (3.0%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2018-0307_s_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant shifts have occurred in the dispensing of prescribed opioids in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark over the past 12 years. The increasing prevalence of oxycodone in all three countries should continue to be monitored. Prescription registries provide a wealth of publicly available data that can be used to monitor and to guide prescribing policies in a more knowledge-based direction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T04:56:01Z","timestamp":1548305761000},"page":"345-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Prescribed opioid analgesic use developments in three Nordic countries, 2006\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ashley Elizabeth","family":"Muller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Pb 1039 Blindern , 0316 Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Sj\u00f8gren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology , Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvild","family":"Odsbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Skurtveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120909562294574_j_sjpain-2018-0307_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krebs EE, Gravely A, Nugent S, Jensen AC, DeRonne B, Goldsmith ES, Kroenke K, Bair MJ, Noorbaloochi S. 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