{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T12:56:52Z","timestamp":1765285012088,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2020-0081_s_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgery may possibly be undermined by psychologic, psychiatric and psychosomatic problems, as long as these problems interfere with a patient\u2019s capacity to cope with surgery adaptively. Recent studies have shown that interpersonal trauma, e.g. abuse or neglect, and its correlates are involved in the adaptation to surgery. This observation is heuristically coherent, given the respective traumatization is an interpersonal event occurring in a relationship. Notably, surgery inevitably leads to the violation of physical boundaries within a doctor-patient relationship. Based on the principles of psycho-traumatologic thinking, such a constellation is deemed qualified to activate posttraumatic symptoms in the traumatized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2020-0081_s_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present topical review summarizes the respective findings which point to a subgroup of patients undergoing surgery, in whom difficulty bearing tension and confiding in others may cause adaptive problems relevant to surgery. Although this theorizing is empirically substantiated primarily with respect to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a pubmed-research reveals psychopathologic distress to occur prior to surgery beyond TKA. Likewise, posttraumatic distress occurs in large numbers in the context of several operations, including cardiac, cancer and hernia surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2020-0081_s_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aspects of psychological trauma may be linked to the outcomes of general surgery, as well, e.g. biliary, hernia or appendix surgery. The mechanisms possibly involved in this process are outlined in terms of a hierarchical organization of specific anxiety and negative affect as well as in terms of psychodynamics which imply the unconscious action of psychologic defenses at their core.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2020-0081_s_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not least, we encourage the screening for trauma and its correlates including defenses prior to general surgery in order to identify surgical candidates at risk of, e.g. chronic postoperative pain, before the operation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2020-0081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T03:49:41Z","timestamp":1607140181000},"page":"238-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unwillingly traumatizing: is there a psycho-traumatologic pathway from general surgery to postoperative maladaptation?"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Vogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Frommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Jena Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph H.","family":"Lohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Croner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yilmaz, M, Sezer, H, G\u00fcrler, H, Bekar, M. Predictors of preoperative anxiety in surgical inpatients. J Clin Nurs 2011;21: 956\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03799.x.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_001","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03799.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theunissen, M, Peters, ML, Schouten, EG, Fiddelers, AA, Willemsen, MG, Pinto, PR, et al.. Validation of the surgical fear questionnaire in adult patients waiting for elective surgery [published correction appears in PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0162737]. PLoS One 2014;9:e100225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0100225.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_002","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100225"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogel, M, Krippl, M, Frenzel, L, Riediger, C, Illiger, S, Frommer, J, et al.. Dissociation and pain-catastrophizing: absorptive detachment as a higher-order factor in control of pain-related fearful anticipations prior to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). J Clin Med 2019;8:697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8050697.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_003","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050697"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bremner, JD. Cognitive processes in dissociation: comment on Giesbrecht et al. (2008). Psychol Bull 2010;136:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0018021.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_004","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018021"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maercker, A, Augsburger, M. Psychotraumatologie: differenzierung, erweiterung und \u00f6ffentlicher diskurs [Psychotraumatology: differentiation, extension and public discourse]. Nervenarzt 2017;88:967\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00115-017-0363-6.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-017-0363-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh, DL, Jerman, P, Silv\u00e9rio Marques, S, Koita, K, Purewal Boparai, SK, Burke Harris, N, et al.. Systematic review of pediatric health outcomes associated with childhood adversity. BMC Pediatr 2018;18:83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-018-1037-7.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_006","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1037-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beilharz, JE, Paterson, M, Fatt, S, Wilson, C, Burton, A, Cvejic, E, et al.. The impact of childhood trauma on psychosocial functioning and physical health in a non-clinical community sample of young adults. Aust N Z J Psychiatr 2020;54:185\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004867419881206.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_007","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867419881206"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogel, M, Meier, J, Gr\u00f6nke, S, Waage, M, Schneider, W, Freyberger, HJ, et al.. Differential effects of childhood abuse and neglect: mediation by posttraumatic distress in neurotic disorder and negative symptoms in schizophrenia? Psychiatr Res 2011;189:121\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.01.008.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.01.008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luyten, P, Campbell, C, Fonagy, P. Borderline personality disorder, complex trauma, and problems with self and identity: a social-communicative approach. J Pers 2020;88:88\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopy.12483.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_009","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12483"},{"unstructured":"Sansone, RA, Sansone, LA. Borderline personality and the pain paradox. Psychiatry 2007;4:40\u20136.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_010"},{"unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders \u2013 DSM-5, 5th ed. Arlington, TX: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2000.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Myers, NS, Llera, SJ. The role of childhood maltreatment in the relationship between social anxiety and dissociation: a novel link. J Trauma Dissociation 2020;30:1\u201318.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_012","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2020.1719265"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010coli\u0107, J, Bassett, TR, Latysheva, A, Imboden, C, Bader, K, Hatzinger, M, et al.. Depersonalization and derealization in embarrassing social interactions: an experience sampling study in social phobia, major depression and controls. J Anxiety Disord 2020;70:102189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102189.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102189"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spitzer, C, Barnow, S, Gau, K, Freyberger, HJ, Grabe, HJ. Childhood maltreatment in patients with somatization disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatr 2008;42:335\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00048670701881538.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_014","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670701881538"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pec, O, Bob, P, Raboch, J. Dissociation in schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014;10:487\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S57627.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_015","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S57627"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bob, P. Pain, dissociation and subliminal self-representations. Conscious Cognit 2008;17:355\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2007.12.001.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2007.12.001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giesbrecht, T, Lilienfeld, SO, Lynn, SJ, Merckelbach, H. Cognitive processes in dissociation: an analysis of core theortical assumptions. Psychol Bull 2008;134:617\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.134.5.617.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_017","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.134.5.617"},{"unstructured":"Cramer, P. Protecting the self. Defense mechanisms in action. NY\/London: The Guilford press; 2006:96 p.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_018"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peles, E, Seligman, Z, Bloch, M, Potik, D, Sason, A, Schreiber, S, et al.. Sexual abuse and its relation to chronic pain among women from a methadone maintenance clinic versus a sexual abuse treatment center. J Psychoact Drugs 2016;48:279\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02791072.2016.1205763.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_019","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2016.1205763"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sengul, Y, Sengul, HS, Tun\u00e7, A. Psychoform and somatoform dissociative experiences in migraine: relationship with pain perception and migraine related disability. Ideggyogy Sz 2018;71:385\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18071\/isz.71.0385.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_020","DOI":"10.18071\/isz.71.0385"},{"unstructured":"Cardena, E. The domain of dissociation. In: Lynn, SJ, Rhue, RW, editors. Dissociation: theoretical, clinical, and research perspectives. New York: Guilford; 1994:15\u201331 pp.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_021"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmes, EA, Brown, RJ, Mansell, W, Fearon, RP, Hunter, EC, Frasquilho, F, et al.. Are there two distinct forms of dissociation? A review and some clinical implications. Clin Psychol Rev 2005;25:1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.08.006.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.08.006"},{"unstructured":"Spitzer, C, Barnow, S, Freyberger, HJ, Grabe, HJ. Recent developments in the theory of dissociation. World Psychiatr 2006;5:82\u20136.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_023"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velly, AM, Mohit, S. Epidemiology of pain and relation to psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018;87:159\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.05.012.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.05.012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogel, M, Braungardt, T, Grabe, HJ, Schneider, W, Klauer, T. Detachment, compartmentalization, and schizophrenia: linking dissociation and psychosis by subtype. J Trauma Dissociation 2013;14:273\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15299732.2012.724760.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_025","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2012.724760"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Ezra, M, Karatzias, T, Hyland, P, Brewin, CR, Cloitre, M, Bisson, JI, et al.. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) as per ICD-11 proposals: a population study in Israel. Depress Anxiety 2018;35:264\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22723.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_026","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22723"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cloitre, M, Garvert, DW, Weiss, B, Carlson, EB, Bryant, RA. Distinguishing PTSD, complex PTSD, and borderline personality disorder: a latent class analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2014;5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/ejpt.v5.25097.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_027","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v5.25097"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krause-Utz, A, Erol, E, Brousianou, AV, Cackowski, S, Paret, C, Ende, G, et al.. Self-reported impulsivity in women with borderline personality disorder: the role of childhood maltreatment severity and emotion regulation difficulties. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2019;6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40479-019-0101-8.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_028","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-019-0101-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sansone, RA, Samsone, IA, Wiedermann, MW. Borderline personality and health care utilization in a primary care setting. South Med J 1996;89:1162\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007611-199612000-00006.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_029","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199612000-00006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frankenburg, FR, Zanarini, MC. The association between borderline personality disorder and chronic medical illnesses, poor health-related lifestyle choices,and costly forms of health care utilization. J Clin Psychiatr 2004;65:16605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/jcp.v65n1211.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_030","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n1211"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford, JD, Courtois, CA. Complex PTSD, affect dysregulation, and borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2014;1:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2051-6673-1-9.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_031","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-6673-1-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blum, N, Franklin, J, Hansel, R, McCormick, B, St.John, D, Pfohl, B, et al.. Relationship of age to symptom severity, psychiatric comorbidity and health care utilization in persons with borderline personality disorder. J Personal Mental Health 2008;2:25\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmh.26.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_032","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.26"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmahl, C, Baumg\u00e4rtner, U. Pain in borderline personality disorder. Mod Trends Pharmacopsychiatr 2015;30:166\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000435940.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_033","DOI":"10.1159\/000435940"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogel, M, Riediger, C, Illiger, S, Frenzel, L, Frommer, J, Lohmann, CH. Using borderline personality organization to predict outcome after total knee arthroplasty. Psychother Psychosom 2017;86:183\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000454927.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_034","DOI":"10.1159\/000454927"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogel, M, Frenzel, L, Riediger, C, Haase, M, Illiger, S, Frommer, J, et al.. The pain paradox of borderline personality and total knee arthroplasty (TKA): recruiting borderline personality organization to predict the one-year postoperative outcome. J Pain Res 2020;10:49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jpr.s226433.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_035","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S226433"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Defrin, R, Schreiber, S, Ginzburg, K. Paradoxical pain perception in posttraumatic stress disorder: the unique role of anxiety and dissociation. J Pain 2015;16:961\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.06.010.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.06.010"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Senarclens, B. Somatic and borderline states. In: Press, J, editor. Experiencing the body. A psychodynamic dialogue on Psychosomatics, vol 60\u201369. New York: Routlegde; 2019:62\u201368 pp.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_037","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429059810-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teicher, MH, Samson, JA. Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: a case for ecophenotypic variants as clinically and neurobiologically distinct subtypes. Am J Psychiatr 2013;170:1114\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12070957.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_038","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12070957"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bletterman, AN, de Geest-Vrolijk, ME, Vriezekolk, JE, Nijhuis-van der Sanden, MW, van Meeteren, NL, Hoogeboom, TJ. Preoperative psychosocial factors predicting patient\u2019s functional recovery after total knee or total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil 2018;32:512\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269215517730669.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_039","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215517730669"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, L, Liu, Y, Xu, H, Xu, Q, Wang, Y, Lyu, P. Incidence and risk factors of kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty in Zhengzhou, China: a cross-sectional study. J Arthroplasty 2018;33:2858\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2018.04.028.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.04.028"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, DK, Niu, J, Zhang, Y. Is symptomatic knee osteoarthritis a risk factor for a fast decline in gait speed? Results from the osteoarthritis initiative. Arthritis Care Res 2013;65:187\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.21816.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_041","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21816"},{"unstructured":"Creamer, P, Lethbridge-Cejku, M, Hochberg, MC. Determinants of pain severity in knee osteoarthritis: effect of demographic and psychosocial variables using 3 pain measures. J Rheumatol 1999;26:1785\u201392.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_042"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, V, Jinks, C, Chew-Graham, C, Healey, EL, Mallen, C. The triple whammy anxiety depression and osteoarthritis in long-term conditions. BMC Fam Pract 2015;16:163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-015-0346-2.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_043","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0346-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, WS, Lam, HM, Chen, PP, Chow, YF, Wong, S, Lim, HS, et al.. The fear-avoidance model of chronic pain: assessing the role of neuroticism and negative affect in pain catastrophizing using structural equation modeling. Int J Behav Med 2015;22:118\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12529-014-9413-7.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_044","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-014-9413-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuller-Thomson, E, Stefanyk, M, Brennenstuhl, S. The robust association between childhood physical abuse and osteoarthritis in adulthood: findings from a representative community sample. Arthritis Rheum 2009;61:1554\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24871.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_045","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24871"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David, D, Woodward, C, Esquenazi, J, Mellman, TA. Comparison of comorbid physical illnesses among veterans with PTSD and veterans with alcohol dependence. Psychiatr Serv 2004;55:82\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.55.1.82.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_046","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.1.82"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bluvstein, I, Moravchick, L, Sheps, D, Schreiber, S, Bloch, M. Posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress symptoms and mental health among coronary heart disease survivors. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2013;20:164\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10880-012-9318-z.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_047","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-012-9318-z"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burns, LC, Ritvo, SE, Ferguson, MK, Clarke, H, Seltzer, Z, Katz, J. Pain catastrophizing as a risk factor for chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. J Pain Res 2015;5:21\u201332.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_048","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S64730"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirschmann, MT, Testa, E, Amsler, F, Friederich, NF. The unhappy Knee arthroplasty patient: higher WOMAC and lower KSS in depressed patients prior and after TKA. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013;21:93\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-013-2409-z.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2409-z"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forsythe, ME, Dunbar, MJ, Hennigar, AW, Sullivan, MJL, Gross, M. Prospective relation between catastrophizing and residual pain following knee arthroplasty: two-year follow-up. Pain Res Manag 2016;13:335\u201341.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_050","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/730951"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witt, A, Sachser, C, Plener, PL, Br\u00e4hler, E, Fegert, JM. The prevalence and consequences of adverse childhood experiences in the German population. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2019;116:635\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0635.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_051","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0635"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vancleef, LM, Vlaeyen, JW, Peters, ML. Dimensional and componential structure of a hierarchical organization of pain-related anxiety constructs. Psychol Assess 2009;21:340\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0016246.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_052","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016246"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lilienfeld, SO, Turner, SM, Jacob, RG. Anxiety sensitivity: an examination of theoretical and methodological issues. Adv Behav Res Ther 1993;15:147\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0146-6402(93)90019-x.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_053","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(93)90019-X"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogel, M, Riediger, C, Krippl, M, Frommer, J, Lohmann, C, Illiger, S. Negative affect, type D personality, quality of life, and dysfunctional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty. Pain Res Manag 2019;2019:6393101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/6393101.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_054","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6393101"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fletcher, D, Stamer, U, Pogatzki-Zahn, E, Zaslansky, R, Tanase, N, Perruchoud, C, et al.. Chronic postsurgical pain in Europe:An observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2015;32:725\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/eja.0000000000000319.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_055","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000319"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correll, D. Chronic postoperative pain: recent findings in understanding and management [version 1; peer review: 3 approved]. F1000Research 2017;6:1054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.11101.1.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_056","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11101.1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simanski, CJ, Althaus, A, Hoederath, S, Krentz, KW, Hoederath, P, Lefering, R, et al.. Incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after general surgery. Pain Med 2014;15:1222\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pme.12434.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_057","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12434"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmerman, M, Martinez, JH, Young, D, Chelminski, I, Dalrymple, K. Sustained unemployment in psychiatric outpatients with bipolar depression compared to major depressive disorder with comorbid borderline personality disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012;14:856\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bdi.12014.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_058","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12014"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoofwijk, DM, Fiddelers, AA, Peters, ML, Stessel, B, Kessels, AG, Joosten, EA, et al.. Prevalence and predictive factors of chronic postsurgical pain and poor global recovery 1 Year after outpatient surgery. Clin J Pain 2015;31:1017\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ajp.0000000000000207.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_059","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000207"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powell, R, Johnston, M, Smith, WC, King, PM, Chambers, WA, Krukowski, Z, et al.. Psychological risk factors for chronic post-surgical pain after inguinal hernia repair surgery: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Pain 2012;16:600\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.08.010.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.08.010"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkhatib, H, Tastaldi, L, Krpata, DM, Scheman, J, Petro, CC, Fafay, A, et al.. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with an incisional hernia. Am J Surg 2019;218:934\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.03.002.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.03.002"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davydow, D, Gifford, J, Desai, S, Needham, D, Bienvenu, O. Posttraumatic stress disorder in general intensive care unit survivors: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatr 2008;30:421\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.05.006.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.05.006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deatrich, KG, Boyer, BA. Post-traumatic stress disorder related to surgery: prevalence and risk factors. In: Martin, C, Preedy, V, Patel, V, editors. Comprehensive guide to post-traumatic stress disorders. Cham: Springer; 2016:353 p.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_063","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08359-9_42"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Gabalawy, R, Sommer, JL, Pietrzak, R, Edmondson, D, Sareen, J, Avidan, MS, et al.. Post-traumatic stress in the postoperative period: current status and future directions. Stress post-traumatique en p\u00e9riode postop\u00e9ratoire: \u00e9tat de la situation et orientations futures. Can J Anaesth 2019;66:1385\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-019-01418-4.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_064","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-019-01418-4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A\u00e7\u0131kel, MET. Evaluation of depression and anxiety in coronary artery bypass surgery patients: a prospective clinical study. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2019;34:389\u201395.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_065","DOI":"10.21470\/1678-9741-2018-0426"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daskalakis, NP, Rijal, CM, King, C, King, C, Huckins, LM, Ressler, KJ. Recent genetics and epigenetics approaches to PTSD. Curr Psychiatr Rep 2018;20:30 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-018-0898-7.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_066","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0898-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy, D, Turgoose, D. Childhood adversity and mental health in veterans seeking treatment for mental health difficulties: comparisons with the general military population. Psychol Trauma 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tra0000538. PubMed PMID: 31868375.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_067","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000538"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiban, E, Lehmberg, J, Hoffmann, U, Thiel, J, Probst, T, Friedl, M, et al.. Peritraumatic distress fully mediates the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms preoperative and three months postoperative in patients undergoing spine surgery. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2018;9:1423824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008198.2018.1423824.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_068","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2018.1423824"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bienvenu, OJ, Neufeld, KJ. Post-traumatic stress disorder in medical settings: focus on the critically ill. Curr Psychiatr Rep 2011;13:3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-010-0166-y.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_069","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-010-0166-y"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cremeans-Smith, JK, Greene, K, Delahanty, DL. Trauma history as a resilience factor for patients recovering from total knee replacement surgery. Psychol Health 2015;30:1005\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870446.2014.1001391.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_070","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2014.1001391"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buchheim, A, Diamond, D. Attachment and borderline personality disorder. Psychiatr Clin 2018;41:651\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2018.07.010.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.07.010"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harper, RG. Borderline personality. In: Harper, RG, editor. Personality-guided therapy in behavioural medicine, vol 179\u2013205. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2004:196\u20137 pp.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_072","DOI":"10.1037\/10650-008"},{"unstructured":"Boon, S, Draijer, N. The differentiation of patients with MPD or DDNOS from patients with a cluster B personality disorder. Dissociation 1993;6:126\u201335.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_073"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyphantis, TN, Arvanitakis, KI. Physicians\u2019 \u201ccompliance with treatment\u201d in the context of consultation-liaison psychiatry: the role of \u201ctriangle\u201d relationships and projective identification. Patient Prefer Adherence 2008;2:189\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ppa.s3877.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_074","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S3877"},{"unstructured":"Doury-Panchout, F, Metivier, JC, Fouquet, B. Kinesiophobia negativelyinfluences recovery of joint function following total knee arthroplasty. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2015;51:155\u201361. (p 158).","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_075"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c5kerblom, S, Perrin, S, Rivano Fischer, M, McCracken, LM. The impact of PTSD on functioning in patients seeking treatment for chronic pain and validation of the posttraumatic diagnostic scale. Int J Behav Med 2017;24:249\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12529-017-9641-8.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_076","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-017-9641-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Cort\u00e9s, R, Chamorro, C, Ortega-Palavecinos, M, Mattar, G, Paredes, O, Besoa\u00edn-Salda\u00f1a, \u00c1, et al.. Social determinants associated to chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty. Int Orthop 2019;43:2767\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-019-04370-6.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-019-04370-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Hecke, O, Torrance, N, Smith, BH. Chronic pain epidemiology and its clinical relevance. Br J Anaesth 2013;111:13\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aet123.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_078","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet123"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfradt, U, Meyer, T. Interrogative suggestibility, anxiety and dissociation among anxious patients and normal controls. Pers Indiv Differ 1998;25:425\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0191-8869(98)00023-3.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(98)00023-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grabe, HJ, Schulz, A, Schmidt, CO, Appel, K, Driessen, M, Wingenfeld, K, et al.. A brief instrument for the assessment of childhood abuse and neglect: the childhood trauma screener (CTS). Psychiatr Prax 2012;39:109\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1298984.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_080","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1298984"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cremeans-Smith, JK, Contrera, K, Speering, L, Miller, ET, Pfefferle, K, Greene, K, et al.. Using established predictors of post-traumatic stress to explain variations in recovery outcomes among orthopedic patients. J Health Psychol 2015;20:1296\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1359105313511135.","key":"2025120910045530746_j_sjpain-2020-0081_ref_081","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105313511135"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/journals\/sjpain\/ahead-of-print\/article-10.1515-sjpain-2020-0081\/article-10.1515-sjpain-2020-0081.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2020-0081\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2020-0081\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T12:52:55Z","timestamp":1765284775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2020-0081\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/sjpain-2020-0081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/sjpain-2020-0081","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-8860","1877-8879"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1877-8860"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1877-8879"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]}}}