{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:21:51Z","timestamp":1790295711792,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607558400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["501100003329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501100003329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ISCIII and ERDF","award":["PT17\/0019, of the PE I+D+i 2013-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT17\/0019, of the PE I+D+i 2013-2016"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001732","name":"Danish National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2020-0124_s_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present pilot study aims to investigate DNA methylation changes of genes related to fibromyalgia (FM) development and its main comorbid symptoms, including sleep impairment, inflammation, depression and other psychiatric disorders. Epigenetic modifications might trigger or perpetuate complex interplay between pain transduction\/transmission, central pain processing and experienced stressors in vulnerable individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2020-0124_s_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted DNA methylation analysis by targeted bisulfite NGS sequencing testing differential methylation in 112 genomic regions from leukocytes of eight women with FM and their eight healthy sisters as controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2020-0124_s_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tests for differentially methylated regions and cytosines brought focus on the\n                      <jats:italic>GRM2<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, encoding the metabotropic glutamate receptor2. The slightly increased DNA methylation observed in the\n                      <jats:italic>GRM2<\/jats:italic>\n                      region of FM patients may confirm the involvement of the glutamate pathway in this pathological condition. Logistic regression highlighted the simultaneous association of methylation levels of depression and inflammation-related genes with\u00a0FM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2020-0124_s_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether, the results evidence the glutamate pathway involvement in FM and support the idea that a combination of methylated and unmethylated genes could represent a risk factor to FM or its consequence, more than single genes. Further studies on the identified biomarkers could contribute to unravel the causative underlying FM mechanisms, giving reliable directions to research, improving the diagnosis and effective therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2020-0124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T07:48:04Z","timestamp":1608623284000},"page":"372-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["DNA methylation changes in genes involved in inflammation and depression in fibromyalgia: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Maria Carla","family":"Gerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology , Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Carnevali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma (UNIPR) , Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge S\u00f8kilde","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University Hospital and Aalborg University, Molecular Diagnostics , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Donnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma (UNIPR) , Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Manfredini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma (UNIPR) , Parma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Tri\u00f1anes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Pidal-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Arendt-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology , Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Carrillo-de-la-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120910045527963_j_sjpain-2020-0124_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clauw, DJ. 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