{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:38:21Z","timestamp":1790055501422,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2021-0223_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic vulvar pain (CVP) is pain in the vulvar area exceeding three\u00a0months of duration. Previous studies have reported a prevalence of 7\u20138% in the general population and observed an association between CVP and other chronic pain, affective disorders and early life stressors. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of CVP among gynecological outpatients and to explore its association with child sexual abuse, comorbid fibromyalgia and mental health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2021-0223_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among consecutive women attending an unselected general gynecological outpatient clinic at St Olav\u2019s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, during the period August 1st, 2017, to June 30th, 2018. CVP was defined as having experienced either vulvar burning, sharp pain or allodynia for three\u00a0months or more within the previous year. Fibromyalgia was defined as widespread pain in the past six months in conjunction with a symptom severity score\u00a0\u22655 on the fibromyalgia symptom severity score inventory, an ordinal scale from zero to 12. We collected information on sexual coercion experience and assessed mental health with the mental health inventory (MHI-5) of the SF-36 health survey, which yields a zero to five scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2021-0223_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1,125 questionnaires distributed, 810 (72%) were returned, and 762 (68%) included in final analyses. Among these, 130 (17.1%) reported CVP within the previous year and 92 (16.7%) were classified as suffering from fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia was associated with CVP (adjusted OR of 1.8, 95% CI 1.1\u20133.1). Child sexual abuse was reported by 96 (13.1%) and was associated with CVP (adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2\u20133.3). CVP and fibromyalgia were both associated with lower mental health scores; 0.51 and 0.58 points on the MHI-5 scale, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2021-0223_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic vulvar pain is common among women in a gynecological outpatient clinic and associated with child sexual abuse, comorbid fibromyalgia and worse mental health. Ethical committee number: REK Midt No. 2016\/2150.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2021-0223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T21:11:55Z","timestamp":1657314715000},"page":"97-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chronic vulvar pain in gynecological outpatients"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Per Kristen","family":"Teigen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilie Therese","family":"Hagemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egil Andreas","family":"Fors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Stauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa Lonn\u00e9e","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Schei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070812112045606_j_sjpain-2021-0223_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Andres, J, Sanchis-Lopez, N, Asensio-Samper, JM, Fabregat-Cid, G, Villanueva-Perez, VL, Monsalve Dolz, V, et al.. 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