{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T12:46:32Z","timestamp":1765284392578,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2023-0034_s_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain and itch share similar neuronal networks; hence, it is difficult to explain why opioids can relieve pain\u00a0but provoke itching. The present human volunteer study aimed to investigate the similarities and differences in responses to experimentally provoked pain and itching to explore the underlying fundamental mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2023-0034_s_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-four healthy volunteers were enrolled in this single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Three volar forearms and two mandibular areas were marked, and participants randomly received morphine (20\u202fmg) or identical placebo tablets. Heat, cold, and pressure pain thresholds, and vasomotor responses were assessed at baseline and after oral morphine administration. Itch provocations were induced by intradermal application of 1\u202f% histamine or a topical cowhage (non-histaminergic itch) to a marked area of the\u00a0skin. The participants were subsequently asked to rate their itching and pain intensities. The assessments were repeated for all marked areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2023-0034_s_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Morphine caused analgesia, as assessed by the significant modulation of cold and pressure pain thresholds (p&lt;0.05). There were no significant differences in histaminergic or non-histaminergic itch or pain intensity between the morphine and placebo groups. Superficial blood perfusion (vasomotor response) following histamine provocation was\u00a0significantly increased by morphine (p&lt;0.05) in both areas. No correlation was found between the provoked itch intensity and analgesic efficacy in any area or group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2023-0034_s_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral administration of morphine caused analgesia without modulating itch intensities but increased neurogenic inflammation in response to histamine, suggesting that different opioid mechanisms in histaminergic and non-histaminergic neurons evoke neurogenic inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2023-0034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T14:47:04Z","timestamp":1694702824000},"page":"743-750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of oral morphine on experimentally evoked itch and pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hiroai","family":"Okutani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine , Hyogo Medical University , Nishinomiya , Hyogo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lo Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Ammitzb\u00f8ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mech-Sense , Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asbj\u00f8rn Mohr","family":"Drewes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mech-Sense , Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Arendt-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mech-Sense , Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute , Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120910031514088_j_sjpain-2023-0034_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golembiewski, J. 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