{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:33Z","timestamp":1780444833049,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain catastrophizing is a core psychological factor determining pain experience. We addressed the question of whether patients with different pain syndromes group into different pain catastrophizing phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 727 patients with chronic pain associated with four primary syndromes: Breast cancer (BC) survivors (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 400), fibromyalgia (FM,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 52), complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 155), and HIV (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 120) were first studied for differences in levels of pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS) and pain intensity by analysis of variance. Subsequently, individual scores of the PCS subscales \u201crumination\u201d, \u201cmagnification,\u201d and \u201chelplessness\u201d from the pooled cohorts were submitted to multivariate k-means clustering to explore subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three clusters defined by the level of catastrophizing were identified. The \u201clow catastrophizing\u201d cluster (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 377) included most of the BC patients (71.0%) and the \u201cmoderate catastrophizing\u201d cluster (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 256) most of the FM patients (61.5%). HIV (31.9%) and CRPS (44.7%) patients were over-represented in the \u201chigh catastrophizing\u201d cluster (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 94) with the highest catastrophizing tendencies in all dimensions. These patients reported more helplessness than the patients in the two other clusters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary syndrome causing the pain has an impact on self-reported pain-related catastrophizing. Helplessness is a predominant feature in HIV and CRPS patients and therefore an important target in pain rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2024-0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T13:10:53Z","timestamp":1730985053000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pain catastrophizing levels differentiate between common diseases with pain: HIV, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, and breast cancer survivors"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Reetta","family":"Sipil\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"SleepWell Research Programme, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"The Finnish Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Pain Management and Research, HUS, New Children\u2019s Hospital , P.O. Box 347, 00029 HUS, FI-00029 HUS , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eija","family":"Kalso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"SleepWell Research Programme, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Zetterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"SleepWell Research Programme, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Wellbeing Services County of Vantaa and Kerava , Vantaa and Kerava , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola Escolano","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S. 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