{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T01:55:44Z","timestamp":1778032544494,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Well-being is closely related to health, recovery, and longevity. Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a major health challenge in the general population, which can have a negative effect on subjective well-being. The ability to identify patients\u2019 well-being protective factors, including psychological, social, and lifestyle components, can help guide the therapeutic process in the management of CMP. Recognizing the absence of a dedicated well-being questionnaire, tailored specifically for CMP populations, an 11-item well-being in pain questionnaire (WPQ) was developed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives were to develop a valid and reliable patient-reported measure of personal pain-specific well-being protective factors and to evaluate its psychometric properties, including (i) internal consistency; (ii) known-group validity between subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and healthy pain-free controls; (iii) convergent validity between the WPQ and measures of health-related quality of life, catastrophizing, sleep quality, symptoms of central sensitization, and anxiety; and (iv) structural validity with exploratory factor analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a cross-sectional validation study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After reviewing previous CMP and well-being literature, the novel WPQ items were constructed by expert consensus and target population feedback. The psychometric properties of the WPQ were evaluated in a sample of 145 participants, including 92 subjects with CLBP and 53 pain-free controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Feedback from a preliminary group of CMP patients about the relevance, content, and usability of the test items was positive. Internal consistency showed acceptable results (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.89). The assessment of convergent validity showed moderate correlations (\u22640.4 or \u2265\u22120.4.) with well-established subject-reported outcome measures. The assessment of structural validity yielded a one-factor solution, supporting the unidimensionality of the WPQ.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The psychometric results provided evidence of acceptable reliability and validity of the WPQ. Further research is needed to determine the usability of the WPQ as an assessment and outcome tool in the comprehensive management of subjects with CMP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2024-0067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T03:03:53Z","timestamp":1744081433000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Well-being in pain questionnaire: A novel, reliable, and valid tool for assessment of the personal well-being in individuals with chronic low back pain"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5308-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jani","family":"Mikkonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice , Mikonkatu 11, 00100 , Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery (Incl. Physiatry), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , 70211 , Kuopio , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Martela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University , Espoo , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riikka","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 , Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liesbet","family":"Goubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University , 9000 , Ghent , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , 70211 , Kuopio , Finland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Selander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olavi","family":"Airaksinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery (Incl. Physiatry), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , 70211 , Kuopio , Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Neblett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRIDE Research Foundation , Dallas , TX , United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruggeri K, Garcia-Garzon E, Maguire \u00c1, Matz S, Huppert FA. Well-being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: a multidimensional analysis of 21 countries. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(1):192.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01423-y"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steptoe A, Deaton A, Stone AA. Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing. Lancet. 2015;385(9968):640\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61489-0"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallagher MW, Lopez SJ, Preacher KJ. The hierarchical structure of well-being. J Pers. 2009;77(4):1025\u201350.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2009.00573.x"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birket-Smith M, Hansen BH, Hanash JA, Hansen JF, Rasmussen A. Mental disorders and general well-being in cardiology outpatients--6-year survival. J Psychosom Res. 2009;67(1):5\u201310.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.01.003"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moskowitz JT, Epel ES, Acree M. Positive affect uniquely predicts lower risk of mortality in people with diabetes. Health Psychol. 2008;27(1s):S73\u201382.","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.27.1.S73"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamers SM, Bolier L, Westerhof GJ, Smit F, Bohlmeijer ET. The impact of emotional well-being on long-term recovery and survival in physical illness: a meta-analysis. J Behav Med. 2012;35(5):538\u201347.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-011-9379-8"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A, Louw Q, Ferreira ML, Genevay S, et al. What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2356\u201367.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cimmino MA, Ferrone C, Cutolo M. Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25(2):173\u201383.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.01.012"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maher C, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet. 2017;389(10070):736\u201347.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30970-9"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pogatzki-Zahn E, Schnabel K, Kaiser U. Patient-reported outcome measures for acute and chronic pain: current knowledge and future directions. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2019;32(5):616\u201322.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000780"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiarotto A, Boers M, Deyo RA, Buchbinder R, Corbin TP, Costa L, et al. Core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain. Pain. 2018;159(3):481\u201395.","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001117"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramasamy A, Martin ML, Blum SI, Liedgens H, Argoff C, Freynhagen R, et al. Assessment of patient-reported outcome instruments to assess chronic low back pain. pain med. Pain Med (Malden, Mass). 2017;18(6):1098\u2013110.","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw357"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goubert L, Trompetter H. Towards a science and practice of resilience in the face of pain. Eur J Pain. 2017;21(8):1301\u201315.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1062"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finan PH, Goodin BR, Smith MT. The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward. J Pain. 2013;14(12):1539\u201352.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.08.007"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buchbinder R, Underwood M, Hartvigsen J, Maher CG. The Lancet Series call to action to reduce low value care for low back pain: an update. Pain. 2020;161(Suppl 1):S57\u201364.","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001869"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Looveren E, Bilterys T, Munneke W, Cagnie B, Ickmans K, Mairesse O, et al. The association between sleep and chronic spinal pain: A systematic review from the last decade. J Clin Med. 2021;10(17):3836.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173836"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly GA, Blake C, Power CK, O'keeffe D, Fullen BM. The association between chronic low back pain and sleep: a systematic review. Clin J Pain. 2011;27(2):169\u201381.","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181f3bdd5"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foster NE, Anema JR, Cherkin D, Chou R, Cohen SP, Gross DP, et al. Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions. Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2368\u201383.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30489-6"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Booth J, Moseley GL, Schiltenwolf M, Cashin A, Davies M, H\u00fcbscher M. Exercise for chronic musculoskeletal pain: A biopsychosocial approach. Musculoskelet Care. 2017;15(4):413\u201321.","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1191"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nijs J, Mairesse O, Neu D, Leysen L, Danneels L, Cagnie B, et al. Sleep disturbances in chronic pain: neurobiology, assessment, and treatment in physical therapist practice. Phys Ther. 2018;98(5):325\u201335.","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzy020"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nijs J, Lluch Girb\u00e9s E, Lundberg M, Malfliet A, Sterling M. Addressing sleep problems and cognitive dysfunctions in comprehensive rehabilitation for chronic musculoskeletal pain. Man Ther. 2015;20(1):e3\u20134.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2014.10.007"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, Forciea MA, Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of P, Denberg TD, et al. Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: a clinical practice guideline from the american college of physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(7):514\u201330.","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2367"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasmussen-Barr E, Halvorsen M, Bohman T, Bostr\u00f6m C, Dedering \u00c5, Kuster RP, et al. Summarizing the effects of different exercise types in chronic neck pain - a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023;24(1):806.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06930-9"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmes MM, Lewith G, Newell D, Field J, Bishop FL. The impact of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice for pain: a systematic review. Qual Life Res. 2017;26(2):245\u201357.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-016-1449-5"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larsson B, Dragioti E, Gerdle B, Bj\u00f6rk J. Positive psychological well-being predicts lower severe pain in the general population: a 2-year follow-up study of the SwePain cohort. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2019;18:8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-019-0231-9"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooke PJ, Melchert TP, Connor K. Measuring well-being: A review of instruments. Couns Psychol. 2016;44(5):730\u201357.","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000016633507"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furrer A, Michel G, Terrill AL, Jensen MP, M\u00fcller R. Modeling subjective well-being in individuals with chronic pain and a physical disability: the role of pain control and pain catastrophizing. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;41(5):498\u2013507.","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1390614"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller R, Gertz KJ, Molton IR, Terrill AL, Bombardier CH, Ehde DM, et al. Effects of a tailored positive psychology intervention on well-being and pain in individuals with chronic pain and a physical disability: A feasibility trial. Clin J Pain. 2016;32(1):32\u201344.","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000225"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graham C, Laffan K, Pinto S. Well-being in metrics and policy. Science. 2018;362(6412):287\u20138.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5234"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martela F. Being as having, loving, and doing: a theory of human well-being. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2024;28(4):372\u201397.","DOI":"10.1177\/10888683241263634"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tennant R, Hiller L, Fishwick R, Platt S, Joseph S, Weich S, et al. The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007;5:63.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-63"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martela F, Sheldon KM. Clarifying the concept of well-being: psychological need satisfaction as the common core connecting eudaimonic and subjective well-being. Rev Gen Psychol. 2019;23(4):458\u201374.","DOI":"10.1177\/1089268019880886"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su R, Tay L, Diener E. The development and validation of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT) and the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT). Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2014;6(3):251\u201379.","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12027"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boateng GO, Neilands TB, Frongillo EA, Melgar-Qui\u00f1onez HR, Young SL. Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Front Public Health. 2018;6:149.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Stratford PW, Knol DL, et al. The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study. Qual Life Res. 2010;19(4):539\u201349.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9606-8"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Knol DL, Stratford PW, Alonso J, Patrick DL, et al. The COSMIN checklist for evaluating the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties: a clarification of its content. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010;10:22.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-22"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryff CD. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989;57:1069\u201381.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.57.6.1069"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marsh HW, Huppert FA, Donald JN, Horwood MS, Sahdra BK. The well-being profile (WB-Pro): Creating a theoretically based multidimensional measure of well-being to advance theory, research, policy, and practice. Psychol Assess. 2020;32(3):294\u2013313.","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000787"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikkonen J, Luomajoki H, Airaksinen O, Goubert L, Pratscher S, Leinonen V. Identical movement control exercises with and without synchronized breathing for chronic non-specific low back pain:A randomized pilot trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2024;37(6):1561\u201371.","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-230413"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deyo RA, Dworkin SF, Amtmann D, Andersson G, Borenstein D, Carragee E, et al. Report of the NIH task force on research standards for chronic low back pain. Int J Ther Massage Bodyw. 2015;8(3):16\u201333.","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12538"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoy D, March L, Brooks P, Blyth F, Woolf A, Bain C, et al. The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(6):968\u201374.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janssen MF, Pickard AS, Golicki D, Gudex C, Niewada M, Scalone L, et al. Measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-5D-3L across eight patient groups: a multi-country study. Qual Life Res. 2013;22(7):1717\u201327.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-012-0322-4"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Hout B, Janssen MF, Feng YS, Kohlmann T, Busschbach J, Golicki D, et al. Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets. Value Health. 2012;15(5):708\u201315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.02.008"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quartana PJ, Campbell CM, Edwards RR. Pain catastrophizing: a critical review. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9(5):745\u201358.","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.34"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osman A, Barrios FX, Kopper BA, Hauptmann W, Jones J, O'Neill E. Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the pain catastrophizing scale. J Behav Med. 1997;20(6):589\u2013605.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025570508954"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikkonen J, Leinonen V, L\u00e4hdeoja T, Holopainen R, Ekstr\u00f6m K, Koho P, et al. Dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the Finnish version of the pain catastrophizing scale in chronic low back pain. Scand J Pain. 2024;24(1):0034.","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2024-0034"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayearst L, Harsanyi Z, Michalko KJ. The pain and sleep questionnaire three-item index (PSQ-3): a reliable and valid measure of the impact of pain on sleep in chronic nonmalignant pain of various etiologies. Pain Res Manag. 2012;17(4):281\u201390.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/635967"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikkonen J, Leinonen V, Luomajoki H, Kaski D, Kupari S, Tarvainen M, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and psychophysical validation of the pain and sleep questionnaire three-item index in finnish. J Clin Med. 2021;10(21):4887.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214887"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayer TG, Neblett R, Cohen H, Howard KJ, Choi YH, Williams MJ, et al. The development and psychometric validation of the central sensitization inventory. Pain Pract. 2012;12(4):276\u201385.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2011.00493.x"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neblett R. The central sensitization inventory: A user\u2019s manual. J Appl Behav Res. 2018;23:e12123.","DOI":"10.1111\/jabr.12123"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikkonen J, Luomajoki H, Airaksinen O, Neblett R, Selander T, Leinonen V. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Finnish version of the central sensitization inventory and its relationship with dizziness and postural control. BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1):141.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02151-6"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, L\u00f6we B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092\u20137.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kujanp\u00e4\u00e4 T, Ylisaukko-Oja T, Jokelainen J, Hirsikangas S, Kanste O, Kyng\u00e4s H, et al. Prevalence of anxiety disorders among Finnish primary care high utilizers and validation of Finnish translation of GAD-7 and GAD-2 screening tools. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2014;32(2):78\u201383.","DOI":"10.3109\/02813432.2014.920597"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abma IL, Rovers M, van der Wees PJ. Appraising convergent validity of patient-reported outcome measures in systematic reviews: constructing hypotheses and interpreting outcomes. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9:226.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2034-2"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavakol M, Dennick R. Making sense of Cronbach\u2019s alpha. Int J Med Educ. 2011;2:53\u20135.","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.4dfb.8dfd"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavakol M, Wetzel A. Factor Analysis: a means for theory and instrument development in support of construct validity. Int J Med Educ. 2020;11:245\u20137.","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.5f96.0f4a"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guadagnoli E, Velicer WF. Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychol Bull. 1988;103(2):265\u201375.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-2909.103.2.265"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_058","unstructured":"Field A. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Zittau, DE: Sage Publications Ltd; 2013."},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_059","unstructured":"Costello AB, Osborne J. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pract Assess Res Eval. 2005;10:1\u20139."},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reeve BB, Hays RD, Bjorner JB, Cook KF, Crane PK, Teresi JA, et al. Psychometric evaluation and calibration of health-related quality of life item banks: plans for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Med Care. 2007;45(5 Suppl 1):S22\u201331.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000250483.85507.04"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sturgeon JA, Zautra AJ. Resilience: a new paradigm for adaptation to chronic pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2010;14(2):105\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-010-0095-9"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ankawi B, Slepian PM, Himawan LK, France CR. Validation of the pain resilience scale in a chronic pain sample. J Pain. 2017;18(8):984\u201393.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.03.013"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buchbinder R, van Tulder M, \u00d6berg B, Costa LM, Woolf A, Schoene M, et al. Low back pain: a call for action. Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2384\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30488-4"},{"key":"2025120909552336042_j_sjpain-2024-0067_ref_064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu A, March L, Zheng X, Huang J, Wang X, Zhao J, et al. Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(6):299.","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.175"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2024-0067\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2024-0067\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:51:42Z","timestamp":1765281102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2024-0067\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/sjpain-2024-0067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/sjpain-2024-0067","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-8879"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-8879","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"article-number":"20240067"}}