{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T12:09:52Z","timestamp":1765282192046,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with non-specific neck, back, and\/or chronic pain increasingly seek information about their condition on websites of healthcare practitioners. This information can influence their treatment expectation and should align with contemporary biopsychosocial (BPS) understanding of pain. It is unclear whether Dutch websites in the fields of rehabilitation and anaesthesiology align with the BPS model. The aim of this study is to assess the BPS content about non-specific neck, back, and chronic pain in Dutch rehabilitation and anaesthesiology websites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All Dutch rehabilitation and anaesthesiology webpages were potentially eligible for inclusion. All webpages focusing on the topics of neck, back, and chronic pain were included. BPS content analyses were performed according to a standardised rating method with criteria for biomedical, limited-, and reasonably BPS. Analyses were performed separately for specialisms, and for the three topics. Additionally, frequency of nocebo words usage on the websites is explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 71 webpages were included, of which 42 (59.2%) were rehabilitation, 28 (39.4%) were anaesthesiology webpages, and 1 webpage described both. Across all webpages, 7 (9.7%) were rated as biomedical, 54 (75.0%) limited BPS, and 11 (15.3%) reasonably BPS. Differences between specialisms were not significantly different (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.055). Differences between BPS ratings and the topics were significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005). Nocebos were present on 22.2% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16) of the webpages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Majority of the anaesthesiology and rehabilitation webpages (84.7%) did not achieve a \u201creasonable biopsychosocial\u201d rate. Improvements are particularly needed in describing pain as a universal and\/or normal phenomenon experienced by most individuals, as well as in explaining how an individual\u2019s environment influences their thoughts, emotions, and behaviours regarding pain perception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2025-0009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T23:46:26Z","timestamp":1761263186000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A biopsychosocial content analysis of Dutch rehabilitation and anaesthesiology websites for patients with non-specific neck, back, and chronic pain"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Verena M. D.","family":"Jongeleen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen , Hanzeplein , Groningen, 9713 GZ , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten A.","family":"Heikens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen , Hanzeplein , Groningen, 9713 GZ , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lotte R.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen , Hanzeplein , Groningen, 9713 GZ , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland R.","family":"Reezigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Health, Department of Physiotherapy, Hanze University of Applied Sciences , Eyssoniusplein , Groningen, 9714 CE , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrica R.","family":"Schiphorst Preuper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen , Hanzeplein , Groningen, 9713 GZ , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 P.","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Centre, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen , Hanzeplein , Groningen, 9713 GZ , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiel F.","family":"Reneman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen , Hanzeplein , Groningen, 9713 GZ , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson TJ, Stabile VS, McQueen KA. The global burden of chronic pain. Am Soc Anesthesiol. 2014;78:24\u20135.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASM.0001071728.63045.b4"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen SP, Vase L, Hooten WM. Chronic pain: An update on burden, best practices, and new advances. Lancet. 2021;397:2082\u201397. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_003","unstructured":"Dutmer AL. Groningen spine cohort. Groningen: University of Groningen; 2022. 10.33612\/diss.213500953."},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Singh V, Datta S, Cohen SP, Hirsch JA, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians. Comprehensive review of epidemiology, scope, and impact of spinal pain. Pain Phys. 2009;12:E35\u201370.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2009\/12\/E35"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_005","unstructured":"Wagner TH, Baker LC, Bundorf MK, Singer S. Use of the internet for health information by the chronically ill. Prev Chronic Dis. 2004;1:A13."},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diaz JA, Griffith RA, Ng JJ, Reinert SE, Friedmann PD, Moulton AW. Patients\u2019 use of the internet for medical information. J Gen Intern Med. 2002;17:180\u20135. 10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.10603.x.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.10603.x"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shinchuk LM, Chiou P, Czarnowski V, Meleger AL. Demographics and attitudes of chronic-pain patients who seek online pain-related medical information. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;89:141\u20136. 10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181c56938.","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181c56938"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_008","unstructured":"Ref: Google Keyword Planner. https:\/\/AdsGoogleCom\/Aw\/Keywordplanner. 2023."},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black NM, Sullivan SJ, Mani R. A biopsychosocial understanding of lower back pain: Content analysis of online information. Eur J Pain. 2018;22:728\u201344. 10.1002\/ejp.1158.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1158"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Setchell J, Costa N, Ferreira M, Makovey J, Nielsen M, Hodges PW. Individuals\u2019 explanations for their persistent or recurrent low back pain: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18:466. 10.1186\/s12891-017-1831-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1831-7"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ongaro G, Kaptchuk TJ. Symptom perception, placebo effects, and the Bayesian brain. Pain. 2019;160:1\u20134. 10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001367.","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001367"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_012","unstructured":"Agnihotri K. The nocebo effect in current practice. Can Fam Phys. 2020;66:862\u20134."},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polich G, Iaccarino MA, Kaptchuk TJ, Morales-Quezada L, Zafonte R. Nocebo effects in concussion. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;99:71\u201380. 10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001290.","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001290"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrie KJ, Rief W. Psychobiological mechanisms of placebo and nocebo effects: Pathways to improve treatments and reduce side effects. Annu Rev Psychol. 2019;70:599\u2013625. 10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-102907.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-102907"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh K, Brown RJ. From headache to tumour: An examination of health anxiety, health-related Internet use and \u2018query escalation\u2019. J Health Psychol. 2016;21:2008\u201320. 10.1177\/1359105315569620.","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105315569620"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetti F, Frisaldi E, Barbiani D, Camerone E, Shaibani A. Nocebo and the contribution of psychosocial factors to the generation of pain. J Neural Transm. 2020;127:687\u201396. 10.1007\/s00702-019-02104-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-02104-x"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estee MM, Wang Y, Heritier S, Urquhart DM, Cicuttini FM, Kotowicz MA, et al. Negative back beliefs are associated with increased odds of low back pain and disability: a 10-year cohort study in men. Rheumatology. 2023;63:3353\u20139. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead587.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead587"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meeuwis SH, Wasylewski MT, Bajcar EA, Bieniek H, Adamczyk WM, Honcharova S, et al. Learning pain from others: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on placebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia induced by observational learning. Pain. 2023;164:2383\u201396. 10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002943.","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002943"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Noord R, Reezigt RR, Paap D, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Reneman MF. Unhelpful information about low back and neck pain on physiotherapist\u2019s websites. Eur J pain (London, Engl). 2025;29(2):e4782. 10.1002\/ejp.4782.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.4782"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetti F, Lanotte M, Lopiano L, Colloca L. When words are painful: Unraveling the mechanisms of the nocebo effect. Neuroscience. 2007;147:260\u201371. 10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.02.020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.02.020"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2012;22:276\u201382.","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basnet R, Mendez DR, Lugo-Gonz\u00e1lez I, O\u2019Hagan E, O\u2019Keeffe M, Sharma S, et al. Online information on chronic pain in 3 countries: an assessment of readability, credibility, and accuracy. Pain Rep. 2023;8:e1078. 10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001078.","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001078"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira G, Traeger AC, Machado G, O\u2019Keeffe M, Maher CG. Credibility, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of internet-based information about low back pain: A systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21:e13357. 10.2196\/13357.","DOI":"10.2196\/13357"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neelapala YVR, Raja R, Bhandary A. A preliminary biopsychosocial analysis of online information on causes of neck pain. Musculoskelet Care. 2019;17:277\u201381. 10.1002\/msc.1388.","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1388"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peterson S, Rainey N, Weible K. Who writes this stuff? Musculoskeletal information quality and authorship of popular health websites: A systematic review. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2022;60:102563. 10.1016\/j.msksp.2022.102563.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2022.102563"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos RP, Alonso TP, Correia IMT, Nogueira LC, Meziat-Filho N, Reis FJJ. Patients should not rely on low back pain information from Brazilian official websites: A mixed-methods review. Braz J Phys Ther. 2022;26:100389. 10.1016\/j.bjpt.2022.100389.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2022.100389"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suhail A, Quais S. Content analysis of the online information available about back pain. Bull Fac Phys Ther. 2022;27:23. 10.1186\/s43161-022-00081-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43161-022-00081-z"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kragting M, Pool-Goudzwaard AL, Coppieters MW, O\u2019Sullivan PB, Voogt L. Illness perceptions in people with chronic and disabling non-specific neck pain seeking primary healthcare: A qualitative study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25:179. 10.1186\/s12891-024-07302-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07302-7"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darlow B, Dowell A, Baxter GD, Mathieson F, Perry M, Dean S. The enduring impact of what clinicians say to people with low back pain. Ann Family Med. 2013;11:527\u201334. 10.1370\/afm.1518.","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1518"},{"key":"2025120909552331357_j_sjpain-2025-0009_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapos FP, Craig KD, Anderson SR, Bernardes SF, Hirsh AT, Karos K, et al. Social determinants and consequences of pain: Toward multilevel, intersectional, and life course perspectives. J Pain. 2024;25:104608. 10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104608.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104608"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2025-0009\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2025-0009\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:50:52Z","timestamp":1765281052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/sjpain-2025-0009\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/sjpain-2025-0009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/sjpain-2025-0009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-8879"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1877-8879"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"article-number":"20250009"}}