{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:18:19Z","timestamp":1788358699212,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2026-0020_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic back pain is a major cause of disability and a socioeconomic burden. Previous studies on back pain have suggested a moderately increased risk for cardiovascular mortality in elderly women, but evidence in elderly men is lacking. We investigated the association between continuous chronic back pain for more than a year and incident cardiovascular events in a cohort of elderly\u00a0men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2026-0020_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM), a community-based cohort of elderly men (mean age, 71\u00a0years; n=1,024), was used to investigate the association between continuous back pain lasting more than one year and incident cardiovascular events (defined as a composite of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease or cardiovascular mortality).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2026-0020_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During up to 20\u00a0years follow-up, 504 individuals developed a cardiovascular event. In Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for a large number of established cardiovascular risk factors, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle factors (age, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid-lowering treatment, glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin excretion, body mass index, diabetes, diabetes medication, insulin-sensitivity, C-reactive protein, educational level, smoking, physical activity) continuous chronic back pain was robustly associated with a more than 70\u202f% increased risk for cardiovascular events (multivariable hazard ratio 1.71, 95\u202f% confidence intervals 1.23\u20132.37, p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2026-0020_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Continuous chronic back pain for more than a year is a risk factor for cardiovascular events in elderly men. Our findings confirm previous evidence, highlighting chronic pain as a clinically relevant and under-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease that warrants consideration in future clinical guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2026-0020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:02:07Z","timestamp":1788357727000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Continuous chronic back pain &gt;1\u00a0year and incident cardiovascular disease in elderly men: results from the ULSAM-study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Magnus","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden"},{"name":"Academic Primary Health Care, Region Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"W\u00e4ndell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University , Malm\u00f6 , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Sofie","family":"R\u00f6nneg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Social Studies , Dalarna University , Falun , Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Region Dalarna , Falun , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Schillemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"\u00c4rnl\u00f6v","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Health and Social Studies , Dalarna University , Falun , Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Region Dalarna , Falun , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090214020459423_j_sjpain-2026-0020_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, K, Devine, A, Dick, IM, Prince, RL. 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