{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:06:58Z","timestamp":1790089618669,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2026-0025_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic pain often coexists with psychiatric disorders, yet less is known about the specific types of chronic pain conditions that may co-occur. This study aimed to classify chronic pain according to ICD-11 categories and provide an overview of the types and frequency of these conditions in a patient sample with psychiatric disorders and coexisting chronic\u00a0pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2026-0025_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive cross-sectional study consecutively recruited 151 patients (78.8\u202f% females, mean age 36\u00a0years) from psychiatric outpatient units. Common psychiatric diagnoses included anxiety disorders (27.8\u202f%), stress-related disorders (23.2\u202f%), mood disorders (22.5\u202f%), attention deficit disorders (10.6\u202f%), personality disorders (9.3\u202f%) and other psychiatric disorders (6.6\u202f%). Chronic pain was assessed by structured interviews and comprehensive clinical examinations conducted by physicians and physiotherapists. Examination verified pain conditions were classified into subcategories of chronic primary and secondary pain (ICD-11). We used descriptive statistics to analyze the\u00a0data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2026-0025_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic primary pain was present in 99\u202f% of the participants; most commonly musculoskeletal pain (94.0\u202f%), e.g. low back pain and neck pain, headache and orofacial pain (80.8\u202f%), e.g. tension-type headache and migraine, and visceral pain (31.8\u202f%), e.g. irritable bowel syndrome. Chronic secondary pain affected 49\u202f% of the participants; most frequently musculoskeletal pain (33.8\u202f%), e.g. osteoarthritis and tendinitis, and neuropathic pain (11.3\u202f%), e.g. sciatica. The distribution of primary and secondary pain conditions was quite similar across the subgroups of psychiatric disorders. Participants had on average 5.7 chronic pain conditions. Females had significantly more pain conditions, chronic widespread pain and primary visceral pain than\u00a0males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_sjpain-2026-0025_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study indicates that chronic pain in patients with psychiatric disorders may include complex and multiple chronic primary and secondary pain conditions. Given such complexity, implementing pain assessment and management into routine psychiatric care as well as collaboration across different areas of medical expertise is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2026-0025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:56:31Z","timestamp":1790088991000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distribution of chronic primary and secondary pain in a patient sample with psychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ina","family":"L\u00f8v\u00e5s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Mental Healthcare , St. Olav`s Hospital , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tormod","family":"Landmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pain and Complex Disorders , Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olav`s Hospital , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tone","family":"Rust\u00f8en","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development , Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Einar","family":"Vedul-Kjels\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Center, Academic Hospital of Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Glette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pain and Complex Disorders , Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olav`s Hospital , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Woodhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pain and Complex Disorders , Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olav`s Hospital , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092214562946510_j_sjpain-2026-0025_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breivik, H, Collett, B, Ventafridda, V, Cohen, R, Gallacher, D. 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