{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:58:39Z","timestamp":1777449519786,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The study focussed on four limonoids (calodendrolide, harrisonin, pedonin and pyroangolensolide) as larvicidal components against mosquito 2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> instar larvae of the species Aedes aegypti Linn. senso stricto. Since pyroangolensolide is close to calodendrolide in structure, it was synthesized through reduction of calodendrolide with chromium(II) chloride in acetone. Harrisonin and pedonin were extracted with cold methanol from the root bark of Harrisonia abyssinica while calodendrolide was extracted with the same solvent from the root bark of Calodendrum capense. The structure of pyroangolensolide was elucidated using physical and spectroscopic techniques. 25, 50, 75, and 100 \u03bcm of each compound were tested against the mosquito larvae. Calodendrolide was the most toxic since 100% mortality was registered at all concentrations, while pyroangolensolide showed 100% mortality up to 50 \u03bcm and for contents of 25 \u03bcm, a mortality of 70% was registered. As a result of this toxicity, lower concentrations (5, 10 and 15 \u03bcm) were tested for both calodendrolide and pyroangolensolide. Toxicity of harrisonin and pedonin was lower. The relative toxicity was in the order: calodendrolide &gt; pyroangolensolide &gt;harrisonin &gt; pedonin with LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 13.2, 16.6, 28.1 and 59.2 \u03bcm, respectively. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2007-11-1209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]],"date-time":"2015-02-04T13:04:12Z","timestamp":1423055052000},"page":"826-828","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Limonoids as Larvicidal Components against Mosquito Larvae (Aedes aegypti Linn.)"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Ambrose Kipchumba","family":"Kiprop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Moi University, P. O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul Chepkwony","family":"Kiprono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Moi University, P. O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Said","family":"Rajab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathew Kipchumba","family":"Kosgei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maths-Biostatistics, Moi University, P. O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]]},"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung C"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/znc.2007.62.issue-11-12\/znc-2007-11-1209\/znc-2007-11-1209.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/znc-2007-11-1209\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/znc-2007-11-1209\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T06:16:14Z","timestamp":1624342574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/znc-2007-11-1209\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/znc-2007-11-1209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/znc-2007-11-1209","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-7125","0939-5075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-7125","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0939-5075","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]}}}