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In the study, solid tumors developed in 100\u202f% of BALB\/c mice in the tumor control group, no tumor development was observed in the group treated with (\u00b1)-gossypol prior to tumor cell implantation, and tumor formation was determined as 28.6\u202f% in the post-implantation gossypol treatment group. (\u00b1)-Gossypol treatment significantly reduced VEGF expression, indicating a potent anti-angiogenic effect. In the tumor control group, VEGF expression was observed to be markedly intense and extensively distributed across the tumor tissue. Conversely, in the post-implantation gossypol treatment group, VEGF expression was assessed to be significantly lower in comparison to the tumor control group. Administration of (\u00b1)-gossypol (40\u202fmg\/kg\/day ip) for five consecutive days was well tolerated, with no observable signs of systemic toxicity, such as &gt;5\u202f% weight loss or behavioral abnormalities on mice. These findings revealed that (\u00b1)-gossypol, in addition to its tumor suppressive effect, can inhibit pro-angiogenic effects of Ehrlich\u2019s ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells and have a protective effect in breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2025-0050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T12:01:56Z","timestamp":1755172916000},"page":"267-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective effect of (\u00b1)-gossypol through modulation of VEGF and apoptosis in mice bearing Ehrlich\u2019s solid carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"G\u00f6n\u00fcl","family":"Ulus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Education, Buca \u015eerife Bac\u0131 Girls\u2019 Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School , Izmir , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8431-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c7inel","family":"K\u00f6ksal Karay\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , 37509 Ege University , Bornova , Izmir , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcrkan","family":"Yigitturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University , Mugla , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayse Tansu","family":"Koparal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Vocational School of Health Services , Eskisehir , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Altug","family":"Yavasoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Ege University , Izmir , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7483-0184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nefise Ulku Karabay","family":"Yavasoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , 37509 Ege University , Bornova , Izmir , T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030216130866571_j_znc-2025-0050_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, J, Li, J, Yang, Q, Wang, J, Su, T, Zhou, S. 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