{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:24:32Z","timestamp":1788535472968,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diabetes mellitus remains a global health challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies to manage postprandial hyperglycemia. Inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes represents a key approach. This study investigates the inhibitory potential of phytochemicals from\n                    <jats:italic>Combretum fragrans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a Cameroonian medicinal plant traditionally used for diabetes, against these enzymes. Five triterpenoids fragransinic acid (\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), betulin (\n                    <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), betulinic acid (\n                    <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), bellericagenin B (\n                    <jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), and a mixture of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -sitosterol (\n                    <jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) and stigmasterol (\n                    <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) were evaluated via molecular docking using HYBRID and FRED protocols. The crystal structures of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -amylase (PDB ID: 1B2Y) and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -glucosidase (PDB ID: 2QMJ) were prepared, and acarbose served as a reference inhibitor. Docking validation confirmed the reliability of the protocols (RMSD\u00a0&lt;\u00a02\u202f\u00c5). Compounds\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibited notable binding affinities, with HYBRID scores of\u00a0\u22125.6 and\u00a0\u22123.7\u202fkcal\/mol for\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -glucosidase, and\u00a0\u22128.1 and\u00a0\u22127.3\u202fkcal\/mol for\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -amylase, respectively. Key interactions included hydrogen bonds with catalytic residues (ASP443, THR205) and extensive Pi\u2013alkyl interactions with aromatic residues (TYR299, TRP539, PHE575). All the compounds demonstrated selective binding modes, suggesting competitive inhibition. This study highlights the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0fragrans<\/jats:italic>\n                    triterpenoids as\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -amylase and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -glucosidase inhibitors, providing a structural basis for further phytochemical optimization in antidiabetic drug discovery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2025-0193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T14:42:29Z","timestamp":1772289749000},"page":"691-701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>In silico<\/i>\n                    inhibition mechanism of\n                    <i>\u03b1<\/i>\n                    -amylase and\n                    <i>\u03b1<\/i>\n                    -glucosidase by fragransinic acid and bellericagenin B, two compounds from\n                    <i>Combretum fragrans<\/i>\n                    F. Hoffm (Combretaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Jean No\u00ebl","family":"Nyemb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Refining and Petrochemistry , National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, The University of Maroua , Kaele 08 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafi Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment) , Normandie University , Caen , France"},{"name":"Cancer Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse, UNICANCER , Caen , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac Silv\u00e8re","family":"Gade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , The University of Maroua , Maroua , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00e9tan Bayiha Ba","family":"Njock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , The University of Maroua , Maroua , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sakava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College , The University of Bamenda , P.O. Box\u00a039 Bambili , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lafya Bodeboret","family":"Djimtoingar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , The University of Ngaoundere , P.O. Box\u00a0454 , Ngaoundere , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuelson Martin Luther King Boum","family":"Bindebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , The University of Ngaoundere , P.O. Box\u00a0454 , Ngaoundere , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex De Theodore","family":"Atchad\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , The University of Yaound\u00e9 I , Yaound\u00e9 , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Talla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , The University of Ngaoundere , P.O. Box\u00a0454 , Ngaoundere , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Iriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , 20129 Milan , Italy"},{"name":"National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) , 50121 Firenze , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090414582561152_j_znc-2025-0193_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galicia-Garcia, U, Benito-Vicente, A, Jebari, S, Larrea-Sebal, A, Siddiqi, H, Uribe, KB, et al.. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 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