{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T07:59:35Z","timestamp":1696492775341},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484870400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1511,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bus. polit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article focuses on the barriers faced by firms due to non-compliance with European law. Although there is an extensive literature on non-compliance in the European Union, there has not been any systematic assessment of the barriers faced by firms in trying to market their products across different national boundaries. We draw on a comprehensive database of over 2000 cases of business complaints about regulatory and administrative barriers encountered in the single market. Our empirical findings survey the range and type of barriers that affect different industrial sectors, the variation in compliance with European law among member states, and the different solutions used to address business complaints about the functioning of the single market. The data shows that firms continue to face considerable challenges in operating the single market, and that there are still trade and growth dividends to be harnessed from addressing the remaining barriers to trade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/bap-2012-0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,17]],"date-time":"2013-01-17T13:35:54Z","timestamp":1358429754000},"page":"1-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Compliance in the single market"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Egan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref52","unstructured":"Monti M. 2010. \u201cA new strategy for the single market. At the service of Europe's economy and society.\u201d Report to the president of the European Commission, Brussels."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_fn6","unstructured":"Though different sectors may vary systematically in their propensity to request interventions by the European Commission, confidentiality of data on the reporting firm does not allow for further investigation on the whether the structure of the industry of the complaining business matters."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref62","volume-title":"Extension of the study on the diffusion of innovation in the internal market","author":"Surinach","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref64","volume-title":"Implications emerging in a post-uruguay round context","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref19","volume-title":"Observatory for SME. 2007. Observatory Survey","author":"Commission","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref31","volume-title":"The single market in need of a strategic relaunch","author":"Heremans","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref23","unstructured":"Commission European . 2012. \u201cSingle market act II. Together for new growth.\u201d COM (2012) 573 final, 3 October 2012."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref40","volume-title":"Market place Europe \u2212 50 years of market integration in the European Union","author":"Kox","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1465116509103370"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref68","volume-title":"Compliance and public authority: a theory with international applications","author":"Young","year":"1979"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref59","volume-title":"An overview of foreign technical barriers to U.S. agricultural exports","author":"Roberts","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_fn10","unstructured":"Article 30 lists the exceptions to the free movement of goods, and allows for prohibitions or restrictions on trade on grounds of public morality, public policy or public security, protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants, of national treasures or industrial and commercial property. Such prohibitions or restrictions cannot be a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised barrier to trade among member states."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref22","unstructured":"Commission European . 2011. \u201cSingle market act. Twelve levers to boost growth and strengthen confidence.\u201d COM (2011) 206 final, 13 April 2011."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref21","volume-title":"Guide to the application of treaty provisions governing the free movement of goods","author":"Commission","year":"2010b"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_fn3","unstructured":"The term non-tariff measure (NTM) refers to policies or practices that may have an impact on international trade flows, both increasing or to impairing them. Non-tariff barriers (NTB) refer to instruments that restrict trade. Additionally, the term measure is not judgmental as is the term barrier; it encompasses all trade policy instruments irrespective of restricting trade or not. Therefore, the concept of non-tariff measure is broader than the term non-tariff barrier. Nonetheless, often both terms are used as synonymous."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511491948"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0010414005285756"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13501760500270869"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref15","unstructured":"EBTP (European Business Test Panel). 2004. \u2018Trading goods across the EU \u2013 Applying the principle of mutual recognition\u2019. Available at: \u00abhttp:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/yourvoice\/ebtp\/consultations\/trading21062004\/mutual_en.pdf\u00bb."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.2010.01844.x"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.17144","volume-title":"Quantifying the impact of technical barriers to trade: can it be done?","author":"Maskus","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref13","unstructured":"Economics Copenhagen . 2005. Economic assessment of the barriers to the internal market for services, 92 p."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref57","volume-title":"The case for \u2018more single market\u2019","author":"Pelkmans","year":"2011b"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1465116507076429"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/00208180152507551"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0020818300028496"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13501760701427888"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref65","unstructured":"Vancauteren M. 2002. \u201cThe Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade on Home Bias: An application to EU data.\u201d Discussion Paper (IRES) 2002032, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES). Belgium."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref2","volume-title":"The single market review. Dismantling of barriers, technical barriers to trade. Subseries III","volume":"1","author":"Atkins","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_fn1","unstructured":"TFEU stands for Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and is the present version of the Treaty that established the European Economic Community (EC Treaty). TFEU is in force since 1 December 2009."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0020818300027910"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref33","volume-title":"Differential Europe: new opportunities and restrictions for policymaking in the member states","author":"H\u00e9ritier","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/135017600343313"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-5965.00288"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-5965.00351"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref34","unstructured":"Poll ICM . 2006. Available at: http:\/\/www.openeurope.org.uk\/businesspres.pdf."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_fn11","unstructured":"It should be noted that the information on the justification provided for the use of the non-tariff measure is only registered for 25% of the cases; therefore these results must be taken with caution."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511491931"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13501769880000041"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_fn5","unstructured":"The main difficulties, that impact on the existing knowledge of NTM, relate to the definition and classification of NTM, and to data collection issues."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_fn8","unstructured":"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/enterprise\/index_en.htm."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref28","volume-title":"Europe 2020: Competitive or complacent?","author":"Hamilton","year":"2010"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/002081800551280"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref67","first-page":"45","article-title":"Pervasiveness and patterns of non-tariff measures affecting EU agri-food exports","volume":"5","author":"Walkenhorst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Agricultural Economics Review"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_fn4","unstructured":"We look at those cases where the Commission pursued infringement proceedings at least until the stage if a \u201creasoned opinion.\u201d"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5965.2007.00777.x"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13501761003673443"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref42","unstructured":"Lejour A. 2010. \u201cThe prospects for the internal market in services after the great recession.\u201d Paper presented at the State of the European Economic Union Conference, November, American University, Washington DC."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref53","volume-title":"Economic survey of the European Union: ever closer union? Moving forward in the single market","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref3","volume-title":"What benefits from completing the single market? La Lettre du CEPII No. 316","author":"Aussilloux","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref41","volume-title":"Integration through law, methods, tools and institutions: political organs, integration techniques and judicial process","author":"Krislov","year":"1986"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_fn7","unstructured":"Hence this year does not include all the infringements the Commission did open. Since then, the dataset has not been updated."},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13501763.2011.607338"},{"key":"S1369525800002643_ref35","volume-title":"Steps towards a deeper economic integration: the internal market in the 21ste century. 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