{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T09:35:41Z","timestamp":1775381741047,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microflow and nanoflow rate calibrations are important in several applications such as liquid chromatography, (scaled-down) process technology, and special health-care applications. However, traceability in the microflow and nanoflow range does not go below 16 \u03bcl\/min in Europe. Furthermore, the European metrology organization EURAMET did not yet validate this traceability by means of an intercomparison between different National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). The NMIs METAS, Centre Technique des Industries A\u00e9rauliques et Thermiques, IPQ, Danish Technological Institute, and VSL have therefore developed and validated primary standards to cover the flow rate range from 0.1 \u03bcl\/min to at least 1 ml\/min. In this article, we describe the different designs and methods of the primary standards of the gravimetric principle and the results obtained at the intercomparison for the upper flow rate range for the various NMIs and Bronkhorst High-Tech, the manufacturer of the transfer standards used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2014-0145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]],"date-time":"2015-08-05T17:02:20Z","timestamp":1438794140000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Primary standards for measuring flow rates from 100 nl\/min to 1 ml\/min \u2013 gravimetric principle"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"Bissig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Harm Tido","family":"Petter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Filipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luis Filipe","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Gala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Savanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florestan","family":"Ogheard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anders Koustrup","family":"Niemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joost","family":"L\u00f6tters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"Sparreboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref501","first-page":"16","article-title":"datasheet Liquid mass flow meter","author":"Sensirion","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"018","article-title":"Forbes AB Software support for metrology best practice guide no discrete modeling experimental data analyses Technical report NPL vol DEM - 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line data with errors in both coordinates chap Nonlinear models Levenberg - method chap","volume":"15","author":"Press","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref521","article-title":"der Realizing primary reference values in the nanoflow regime a proof of principle","volume":"21","author":"van","year":"2011","journal-title":"Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.1.100","article-title":"General Deming regression for estimating systematic bias its confidence interval in method - comparison studies","author":"Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.1.100","article-title":"General Deming regression for estimating systematic bias its confidence interval in method - comparison studies","author":"Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Bissig Tschannen de Micro flow facility for traceability in steady pulsating flow","volume":"44","journal-title":"Flow Meas Instrum"},{"key":"ref421","article-title":"Available athttp www euramet org technical committees flow tc flow projects Accessed on","volume":"29","author":"EURAMET","year":"2014","journal-title":"October"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"1","article-title":"uncertainty assessment of a setup for calibration of microfluidic devices down to nl min","volume":"25","author":"Ahrens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Design Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"000551","article-title":"European Medicines Agency Annex summary of product characteristics Prialt","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref241","article-title":"der Realizing primary reference values in the nanoflow regime a proof of principle","volume":"21","author":"van","year":"2011","journal-title":"Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref361","article-title":"Bissig Tschannen de Micro flow standard for steady pulsating flow In nd International Conference on Microfluidic Handling Systems Freiburg","author":"Germany","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref391","first-page":"1","article-title":"datasheet \u03bc Flow","author":"Bronkhorst"},{"key":"ref231","first-page":"4","article-title":"Compact mass flow meter based on a micro Coriolis flow sensor","author":"Sparreboom","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"018","article-title":"Forbes AB Software support for metrology best practice guide no discrete modeling experimental data analyses Technical report NPL vol DEM - 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MS \/ MS platform for high - throughput in - depth analysis of mammalian proteomes","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"ref511","first-page":"4","article-title":"Compact mass flow meter based on a micro Coriolis flow sensor","author":"Sparreboom","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of measurement data supplement to Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method Guides","author":"BIPM","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of measurement data supplement to Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method Guides","author":"BIPM","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1088\/0026-1394\/44\/3\/005","article-title":"MG The evaluation of key comparison data : determining the largest consistent subset","author":"Cox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metrologia"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"229","article-title":"IGOR Pro manual version III curve fitting references","volume":"6","author":"WaveMetrics"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Bissig Tschannen de Micro flow standard for steady pulsating flow In nd International Conference on Microfluidic Handling Systems Freiburg","author":"Germany","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref401","first-page":"39","article-title":"MG Evaluation of key comparison data","author":"Cox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metrologia"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Uncertainty calculation in gravimetric microflow measurements St Petersburg","author":"Batista","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"39","article-title":"MG Evaluation of key comparison data","author":"Cox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metrologia"},{"key":"ref381","article-title":"Tech Mini FLOW Available athttp www bronkhorst cori tech com Accessed on","volume":"12","author":"Bronkhorst Cori","year":"2014","journal-title":"October"},{"key":"ref281","first-page":"1","article-title":"uncertainty assessment of a setup for calibration of microfluidic devices down to nl min","volume":"25","author":"Ahrens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Design Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"1","article-title":"datasheet \u03bc Flow","author":"Bronkhorst"},{"key":"ref451","first-page":"550","article-title":"- machined thermal flow sensors a","author":"Kuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Micro review"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Primary standard for liquid flow rates between min based on volume expansion","volume":"30","author":"Lucas","year":"1500","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Biomed Tech"},{"key":"ref321","article-title":"International equivalence of measurements the Available athttp www bipm org en cipm mra Accessed on","volume":"29","author":"BIPM","year":"2014","journal-title":"October"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Tech Mini FLOW Available athttp www bronkhorst cori tech com Accessed on","volume":"12","author":"Bronkhorst Cori","year":"2014","journal-title":"October"},{"key":"ref301","article-title":"Uncertainty calculation in gravimetric microflow measurements St Petersburg","author":"Batista","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"2012","article-title":"coordinator for delivery EU funded research project www drugmetrology com","author":"Lucas","journal-title":"drug"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"000551","article-title":"European Medicines Agency Annex summary of product characteristics Prialt","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Engineering \/ Biomedizinische Technik"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/bmte.2015.60.issue-4\/bmt-2014-0145\/bmt-2014-0145.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/bmte.2015.60.issue-4\/bmt-2014-0145\/bmt-2014-0145.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T20:06:03Z","timestamp":1614456363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/bmt-2014-0145\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmt-2014-0145","relation":{},"ISSN":["1862-278X","0013-5585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1862-278X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0013-5585","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]}}}