{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T03:08:27Z","timestamp":1775012907302,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":230,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This document provides a joint recommendation for venous blood sampling of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) and Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM) of the Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI). It offers guidance on the requirements for ensuring that blood collection is a safe and patient-centered procedure and provides practical guidance on how to successfully overcome potential barriers and obstacles to its widespread implementation. The target audience for this recommendation are healthcare staff members directly involved in blood collection. This recommendation applies to the use of a closed blood collection system and does not provide guidance for the blood collection with an open needle and syringe and catheter collections. Moreover, this document neither addresses patient consent, test ordering, sample handling and transport nor collection from children and unconscious patients. The recommended procedure is based on the best available evidence. Each step was graded using a system that scores the quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendation. The process of grading was done at several face-to-face meetings involving the same mixture of stakeholders stated previously. The main parts of this recommendation are: 1) Pre-sampling procedures, 2) Sampling procedure, 3) Post-sampling procedures and 4) Implementation. A first draft of the recommendation was circulated to EFLM members for public consultation. WG-PRE-LATAM was also invited to comment the document. A revised version has been sent for voting on to all EFLM and COLABIOCLI members and has been officially endorsed by 33\/40 EFLM and 21\/21 COLABIOCLI members. We encourage professionals throughout Europe and Latin America to adopt and implement this recommendation to improve the quality of blood collection practices and increase patient and workers safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2018-0602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,14]],"date-time":"2018-07-14T17:27:04Z","timestamp":1531589224000},"page":"2015-2038","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI Recommendation for venous blood sampling"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Simundic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karin","family":"B\u00f6lenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Cadamuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Cornes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edm\u00e9e C.","family":"van Dongen-Lases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pinar","family":"Eker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Erdeljanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kjell","family":"Grankvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joao Tiago","family":"Guimaraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Hoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0590-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes","family":"Ibarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Kovalevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gunn B.B.","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Lima-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9523-9054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"von Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mads","family":"Nybo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"De la Salle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Seipelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zorica","family":"Sumarac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Vermeersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"on behalf of the Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE), of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) and Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM) of the Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2017-0994","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of reusable venipuncture tourniquets in tertiary-care hospital","volume":"56","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.04.005","article-title":"Low vacuum and discard tubes reduce hemolysis in samples drawn from intravenous catheters","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1581","first-page":"108","article-title":"Guidelines for a venous blood collection chair","volume":"146","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"ref2141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2013.0043","article-title":"Processing of diagnostic blood specimens: is it really necessary to mix primary blood tubes after collection with evacuated tube system?","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biopreserv Biobank"},{"key":"ref2291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03294.x","article-title":"Assessment of donor fear enhances prediction of presyncopal symptoms among volunteer blood donors","volume":"52","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.10333","article-title":"Reusable venesection tourniquets: a potential source of hospital transmission of multiresistant organisms","volume":"195","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref2241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.1.4.245","article-title":"Reducing bruising after venepuncture","volume":"1","year":"1992","journal-title":"Qual Health Care"},{"key":"ref651","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mikrobiologische-infektiologische Qualit\u00e4tsstandards (MiQ) \u2013 Blutkulturdiagnostik"},{"key":"ref2431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12135","article-title":"Prevalence and cost of hemolyzed samples in a large urban emergency department","volume":"36","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"ref1251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0283","article-title":"Survey of national guidelines, education and training on venous blood collection in 28 European countries: an original report by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) working group for the preanalytical phase (WG-PA)","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2012.32.4.250","article-title":"Influence of a regular, standardized meal on clinical chemistry analytes","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.04.024","article-title":"Reducing blood sample hemolysis at a tertiary hospital emergency department","volume":"122","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref2151","first-page":"2061","article-title":"To mix or not to mix venous blood samples collected in vacuum tubes?","volume":"49","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-011-0138-3","article-title":"Impact of donor arm cleaning with different aseptic solutions for prevention of contamination in blood bags","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0000000000000326","article-title":"Influence of posture on routine hemostasis testing","volume":"26","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39493.646875.AE","article-title":"Going from evidence to recommendations","volume":"336","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.1.4.245","article-title":"Reducing bruising after venepuncture","volume":"1","year":"1992","journal-title":"Qual Health Care"},{"key":"ref1771","first-page":"131","article-title":"Preanalytical external quality assessment of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine and CROQALM: finding undetected weak spots","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref1441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjhh.2017.01.004","article-title":"Patient posture for blood collection by venipuncture: recall for standardization after 28 years","volume":"39","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter"},{"key":"ref2351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-463","article-title":"Impact of a large-scale educational intervention program on venous blood specimen collection practices","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref2371","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pre-examination procedures in laboratory diagnostics. Preanalytical Aspects and their Impact on the Quality of Medical Laboratory Results"},{"key":"ref1371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000443279.14017.12","article-title":"ACOG Committee Opinion No. 587: effective patient-physician communication","volume":"123","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Patient identification and tube labelling \u2013 a call for harmonisation on behalf of the Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE), European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM)","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref371","first-page":"CD011621","article-title":"Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff","volume":"4","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref1011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2006.12.014","article-title":"Fainting and hemolysis during blood sampling in youngsters: prevalence study","volume":"45","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref2061","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Relevance of EDTA carryover during blood collection","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref641","first-page":"131","article-title":"Venipuncture-related lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve injury: what to know?","volume":"64","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.036244","article-title":"Effect of specimen collection on routine coagulation assays and D-dimer measurement","volume":"50","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref1051","year":"1996","journal-title":"Leading change"},{"key":"ref1641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.6.1589","article-title":"Efficacy of gloves in reducing blood volumes transferred during simulated needlestick injury","volume":"168","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0426","article-title":"Order of blood draw: opinion paper by the European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE)","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0331-CP","article-title":"Clinical consequences of specimen rejection: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes analysis of 78 clinical laboratories","volume":"138","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2301","year":"1996","journal-title":"Leading change"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.11.024","article-title":"Postural change during venous blood collection is a major source of bias in clinical chemistry testing","volume":"440","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref1191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.04.024","article-title":"Reducing blood sample hemolysis at a tertiary hospital emergency department","volume":"122","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref1901","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mikrobiologische-infektiologische Qualit\u00e4tsstandards (MiQ) \u2013 Blutkulturdiagnostik"},{"key":"ref2471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.047","article-title":"What\/s floating on my plasma?","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12057","article-title":"Reducing blood culture contamination in the emergency department: an interrupted time series quality improvement study","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2017.03.003","article-title":"Prevalence of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates at the National Center of Blood Transfusion (Mexico)","volume":"24","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfus Clin Biol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0940","article-title":"The relationship between vacuum and hemolysis during catheter blood collection: a retrospective analysis of six large cohorts","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2011.011099","article-title":"Variation in venous blood collection techniques in emergency medicine and the incidence of haemolysed samples","volume":"48","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref2341","first-page":"342","article-title":"Impact of the phlebotomy training based on CLSI\/NCCLS H03-A6- procedures for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens by venipuncture","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref2461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.046","article-title":"Case report of unexpected hypocalcaemia in a slightly haemolysed sample","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"386","article-title":"How compliant are technicians with universal safety measures in medical laboratories in Croatia? \u2013 a pilot study","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref2271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.05.024","article-title":"Timing of syncope during blood sampling \u2013 the Maastricht Study","volume":"43","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref2321","first-page":"393","article-title":"Hemolysis from a nurses\u2019 standpoint\u2013survey from four Croatian hospitals","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"237","article-title":"Cardiac indexes, cardiac damage biomarkers and energy expenditure in professional cyclists during the Giro d\u2019Italia 3-weeks stage race","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref931","first-page":"599","article-title":"Primary blood tubes mixing: time for updated recommendations","volume":"50","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1086\/652158","article-title":"Comparison of 4 different types of surgical gloves used for preventing blood contact","volume":"31","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2014.036","article-title":"Could light meal jeopardize laboratory coagulation tests?","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp196","article-title":"Comparison of blood transmission through latex and nitrile glove materials","volume":"60","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"ref521","first-page":"131","article-title":"Preanalytical external quality assessment of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine and CROQALM: finding undetected weak spots","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00120-4","article-title":"Fate of ethanol topically applied to skin","volume":"39","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000443279.14017.12","article-title":"ACOG Committee Opinion No. 587: effective patient-physician communication","volume":"123","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"33","article-title":"Standardization of collection requirements for fasting samples. For the Working Group on Preanalytical Phase (WG-PA) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM)","volume":"432","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref1971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00152193-200505001-00001","article-title":"On the road to successful I.V. starts","volume":"35","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nursing"},{"key":"ref1471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2017.1295317","article-title":"Pre-analytical phase management: a review of the procedures from patient preparation to laboratory analysis","volume":"77","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref2171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e32828621a0","article-title":"Influence of primary sample mixing on routine coagulation testing","volume":"18","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref1161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2017.02.002","article-title":"EFLM Task Force on Performance Specifications for the extra-analytical phases. Performance specifications for the extra-analytical phases of laboratory testing: why and how","volume":"50","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.10333","article-title":"Reusable venesection tourniquets: a potential source of hospital transmission of multiresistant organisms","volume":"195","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref1821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.06.014","article-title":"Reducing the incidence of pseudohyperkalemia by avoiding making a fist during venous blood collection: a quality improvement report","volume":"56","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref1931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2017.03.003","article-title":"Prevalence of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates at the National Center of Blood Transfusion (Mexico)","volume":"24","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfus Clin Biol"},{"key":"ref1421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.11.024","article-title":"Postural change during venous blood collection is a major source of bias in clinical chemistry testing","volume":"440","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref1071","first-page":"393","article-title":"Hemolysis from a nurses\u2019 standpoint\u2013survey from four Croatian hospitals","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref401","first-page":"45","article-title":"The importance of implementing safe sharps practices in the laboratory setting in Europe","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2257.2006.00818.x","article-title":"Venous stasis and routine hematologic testing","volume":"28","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Lab Haematol"},{"key":"ref2391","first-page":"105","article-title":"Harmonization of pre-analytical quality indicators","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref501","first-page":"1119","article-title":"Potential risk of cross-infection by tourniquets: a need for effective control practices in Pakistan","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2011-200206","article-title":"Effect of order of draw of blood samples during venous blood collection on routine biochemistry results","volume":"64","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref1141","first-page":"105","article-title":"Harmonization of pre-analytical quality indicators","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1309\/LMA4WYN3XFUKELBD","article-title":"Quality improvement in the coagulation laboratory: reducing the number of insufficient blood draw specimens for coagulation testing","volume":"46","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01981.x","article-title":"EDTA sample contamination is common and often undetected, putting patients at unnecessary risk of harm","volume":"63","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref1991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e3283380d12","article-title":"Discard tubes are not necessary when drawing samples for specialized coagulation testing","volume":"21","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref1401","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mbc.0000178828.59866.03","article-title":"Short-term venous stasis influences routine coagulation testing","volume":"16","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref1381","first-page":"38","article-title":"Doctor-patient communication: a review","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0283","article-title":"Survey of national guidelines, education and training on venous blood collection in 28 European countries: an original report by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) working group for the preanalytical phase (WG-PA)","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2017.02.002","article-title":"EFLM Task Force on Performance Specifications for the extra-analytical phases. Performance specifications for the extra-analytical phases of laboratory testing: why and how","volume":"50","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.06.014","article-title":"Reducing the incidence of pseudohyperkalemia by avoiding making a fist during venous blood collection: a quality improvement report","volume":"56","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"ref831","first-page":"869","article-title":"Influence of short-term venous stasis on clinical chemistry testing","volume":"43","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1481","article-title":"Patient preparation for laboratory testing: recommendation of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref2121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12096","article-title":"Delayed mixing of vacuum tubes clearly affects platelet counts but not haemoglobin concentration and prothrombin time (INR) results","volume":"35","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"ref1391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03726.x","article-title":"How afraid are you of having blood drawn from your arm? A simple fear question predicts vasovagal reactions without causing them among high school donors","volume":"53","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref341","first-page":"755","article-title":"European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) opinion paper: local validation of blood collection tubes in clinical laboratories","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-463","article-title":"Impact of a large-scale educational intervention program on venous blood specimen collection practices","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref2191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2478\/jomb-2014-0043","article-title":"Laboratory diagnostics and quality of blood collection","volume":"34","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Biochem"},{"key":"ref2331","first-page":"401","article-title":"Confidence level in venipuncture and knowledge on causes of in vitro hemolysis among healthcare professionals","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref1211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.046","article-title":"Case report of unexpected hypocalcaemia in a slightly haemolysed sample","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1231","first-page":"1660","article-title":"European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE). The EFLM strategy for harmonization of the preanalytical phase","volume":"56","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2181","first-page":"599","article-title":"Primary blood tubes mixing: time for updated recommendations","volume":"50","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref231","article-title":"Patient preparation for laboratory testing: recommendation of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref1801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.04.008","article-title":"Elimination of the venous stasis error for routine coagulation testing by transillumination","volume":"412","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1086\/652158","article-title":"Comparison of 4 different types of surgical gloves used for preventing blood contact","volume":"31","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref1881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2000.40091036.x","article-title":"Venipuncture-induced causalgia: anatomic relations of upper extremity superficial veins and nerves, and clinical considerations","volume":"40","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref711","first-page":"398","article-title":"The alcohol used for cleansing the venipuncture site does not jeopardize blood and plasma alcohol measurement with head-space gas chromatography and an enzymatic assay","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref331","first-page":"108","article-title":"Guidelines for a venous blood collection chair","volume":"146","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"ref971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6593.332-b","article-title":"Minimising bruising in the antecubital fossa after venipuncture","volume":"295","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"ref2261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2006.12.014","article-title":"Fainting and hemolysis during blood sampling in youngsters: prevalence study","volume":"45","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref1591","first-page":"755","article-title":"European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) opinion paper: local validation of blood collection tubes in clinical laboratories","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1831","first-page":"17","article-title":"Phlebotomy, a bridge between laboratory and patient","volume":"26","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref1791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2011.01305.x","article-title":"Transillumination: a new tool to eliminate the impact of venous stasis during the procedure for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens for routine haematological testing","volume":"33","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"ref1951","first-page":"201","article-title":"Avoidance to wipe alcohol before venipuncture is not a source of spurious hemolysis","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref1711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70600-4","article-title":"Evidence-based model for hand transmission during patient care and the role of improved practices","volume":"6","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563216643969","article-title":"The role of European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group for Preanalytical Phase in standardization and harmonization of the preanalytical phase in Europe","volume":"53","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1086\/655839","article-title":"Use of gloves and reduction of risk of injury caused by needles or sharp medical devices in healthcare workers: results from a case-crossover study","volume":"31","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref1611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2012.00424.x","article-title":"Is it possible to use expired tubes for routine biochemical analysis in dogs?","volume":"41","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref2031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2008.007241","article-title":"Spurious hyperkalaemia due to EDTA contamination: common and not always easy to identify","volume":"45","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-011-0138-3","article-title":"Impact of donor arm cleaning with different aseptic solutions for prevention of contamination in blood bags","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2017.1295317","article-title":"Pre-analytical phase management: a review of the procedures from patient preparation to laboratory analysis","volume":"77","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1309\/95R8A56BDN10AUUH","article-title":"Evaluation of different mixing procedures for K2 EDTA primary samples on hematological testing","volume":"38","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"ref921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e32828621a0","article-title":"Influence of primary sample mixing on routine coagulation testing","volume":"18","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref1551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.035","article-title":"Does recreational scuba diving have clinically significant effect on routine haematological parameters?","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03726.x","article-title":"How afraid are you of having blood drawn from your arm? A simple fear question predicts vasovagal reactions without causing them among high school donors","volume":"53","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.6.1589","article-title":"Efficacy of gloves in reducing blood volumes transferred during simulated needlestick injury","volume":"168","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"242","article-title":"Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine: national recommendations for venous blood sampling","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52775","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17188","article-title":"Middle-distance running acutely influences the concentration and composition of serum bile acids. Potential implications for cancer risk?","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref2401","first-page":"943","article-title":"Performance criteria and quality indicators for the pre-analytical phase","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2011.01305.x","article-title":"Transillumination: a new tool to eliminate the impact of venous stasis during the procedure for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens for routine haematological testing","volume":"33","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2000.40091036.x","article-title":"Venipuncture-induced causalgia: anatomic relations of upper extremity superficial veins and nerves, and clinical considerations","volume":"40","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref1031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.23.6.901","article-title":"Prediction of fainting in blood donors","volume":"23","year":"1961","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref1341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39493.646875.AE","article-title":"Going from evidence to recommendations","volume":"336","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"38","article-title":"Doctor-patient communication: a review","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2008.007241","article-title":"Spurious hyperkalaemia due to EDTA contamination: common and not always easy to identify","volume":"45","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1451","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Patient identification and tube labelling \u2013 a call for harmonisation on behalf of the Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE), European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM)","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref901","first-page":"2061","article-title":"To mix or not to mix venous blood samples collected in vacuum tubes?","volume":"49","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.05.024","article-title":"Timing of syncope during blood sampling \u2013 the Maastricht Study","volume":"43","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref1111","first-page":"90","article-title":"The knowledge and understanding of preanalytical phase among biomedicine students at the University of Zagreb","volume":"26","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70600-4","article-title":"Evidence-based model for hand transmission during patient care and the role of improved practices","volume":"6","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e3283380d12","article-title":"Discard tubes are not necessary when drawing samples for specialized coagulation testing","volume":"21","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref791","first-page":"218","article-title":"Incorrect order of draw could be mitigate the patient safety: a phlebotomy management case report","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1871","volume-title":"Sobotta: atlas of human anatomy","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref2161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1309\/95R8A56BDN10AUUH","article-title":"Evaluation of different mixing procedures for K2 EDTA primary samples on hematological testing","volume":"38","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1731","first-page":"342","article-title":"Impact of the venous blood collection training based on CLSI\/NCCLS H03\u2013A6 \u2013 procedures for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens by venipuncture","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1651","first-page":"45","article-title":"The importance of implementing safe sharps practices in the laboratory setting in Europe","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1851","first-page":"31","article-title":"The impact of fist clenching and its maintenance during venipuncture on routine hematology testing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"ref2361","first-page":"90","article-title":"The knowledge and understanding of preanalytical phase among biomedicine students at the University of Zagreb","volume":"26","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Compliance of blood sampling procedures with the CLSI H3-A6 guidelines: an observational study by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) working group for the preanalytical phase (WG-PRE)","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.23.6.901","article-title":"Prediction of fainting in blood donors","volume":"23","year":"1961","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1108\/IJHCQA-04-2012-0035","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge attitude and practices among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital on needle stick among injury","volume":"26","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Health Care Qual Assur"},{"key":"ref1841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12912","article-title":"A multidisciplinary approach to reducing spurious hyperkalemia in hospital outpatient clinics","volume":"24","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12096","article-title":"Delayed mixing of vacuum tubes clearly affects platelet counts but not haemoglobin concentration and prothrombin time (INR) results","volume":"35","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"ref1311","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Compliance of blood sampling procedures with the CLSI H3-A6 guidelines: an observational study by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) working group for the preanalytical phase (WG-PRE)","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref621","volume-title":"Sobotta: atlas of human anatomy","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref2231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6588.1659","article-title":"Minimising bruising in the antecubital fossa after venipuncture","volume":"294","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"ref1201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.044","article-title":"Biochemia Medica introduces new section: pre-analytical mysteries","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.04.008","article-title":"Elimination of the venous stasis error for routine coagulation testing by transillumination","volume":"412","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12912","article-title":"A multidisciplinary approach to reducing spurious hyperkalemia in hospital outpatient clinics","volume":"24","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref2091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mbc.0000178828.59866.03","article-title":"Short-term venous stasis influences routine coagulation testing","volume":"16","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp196","article-title":"Comparison of blood transmission through latex and nitrile glove materials","volume":"60","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2478\/jomb-2014-0043","article-title":"Laboratory diagnostics and quality of blood collection","volume":"34","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Biochem"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00152193-200505001-00001","article-title":"On the road to successful I.V. starts","volume":"35","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nursing"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"94","article-title":"Influence of a light meal on routine haematological tests","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2016.1268101","article-title":"Short-term effect of dark chocolate consumption on routine haemostasis testing","volume":"68","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref1561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52775","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17188","article-title":"Middle-distance running acutely influences the concentration and composition of serum bile acids. Potential implications for cancer risk?","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref701","first-page":"201","article-title":"Avoidance to wipe alcohol before venipuncture is not a source of spurious hemolysis","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6588.1659","article-title":"Minimising bruising in the antecubital fossa after venipuncture","volume":"294","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"ref1181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12135","article-title":"Prevalence and cost of hemolyzed samples in a large urban emergency department","volume":"36","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"ref2011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2011-200206","article-title":"Effect of order of draw of blood samples during venous blood collection on routine biochemistry results","volume":"64","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref1811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005033221806","article-title":"Pseudohyperkalemia caused by fist clenching during venous blood collection","volume":"322","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12337","article-title":"Reducing blood culture contamination in community hospital emergency departments: a multicenter evaluation of a quality improvement intervention","volume":"21","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref1411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0000000000000326","article-title":"Influence of posture on routine hemostasis testing","volume":"26","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1309\/LMA4WYN3XFUKELBD","article-title":"Quality improvement in the coagulation laboratory: reducing the number of insufficient blood draw specimens for coagulation testing","volume":"46","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.036244","article-title":"Effect of specimen collection on routine coagulation assays and D-dimer measurement","volume":"50","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref1281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.04.005","article-title":"Low vacuum and discard tubes reduce hemolysis in samples drawn from intravenous catheters","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1721","first-page":"386","article-title":"How compliant are technicians with universal safety measures in medical laboratories in Croatia? \u2013 a pilot study","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref1571","first-page":"237","article-title":"Cardiac indexes, cardiac damage biomarkers and energy expenditure in professional cyclists during the Giro d\u2019Italia 3-weeks stage race","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref1501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2016.1268101","article-title":"Short-term effect of dark chocolate consumption on routine haemostasis testing","volume":"68","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref961","first-page":"626","article-title":"Bruising after venepuncture","volume":"151","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"ref2211","first-page":"626","article-title":"Bruising after venepuncture","volume":"151","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.07.007","article-title":"Estimation of the imprecision on clinical chemistry testing due to fist clenching and maintenance during venipuncture","volume":"49","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1511","first-page":"94","article-title":"Influence of a light meal on routine haematological tests","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005033221806","article-title":"Pseudohyperkalemia caused by fist clenching during venous blood collection","volume":"322","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref1261","first-page":"193","article-title":"Critical review and meta-analysis of spurious hemolysis in blood samples collected from intravenous catheters","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0940","article-title":"The relationship between vacuum and hemolysis during catheter blood collection: a retrospective analysis of six large cohorts","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"152","article-title":"New ways to deal with known preanalytical issues: use of transilluminator instead of tourniquet for easing vein access and eliminating stasis on clinical biochemistry","volume":"21","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref1121","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pre-examination procedures in laboratory diagnostics. Preanalytical Aspects and their Impact on the Quality of Medical Laboratory Results"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.045","article-title":"Acutely developing, spurious anemia without actual blood loss. A paradigmatic case report","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref291","article-title":"Patient\u2019s knowledge and awareness about the effect of the over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and dietary supplements on laboratory test results: a survey in 18 European countries","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med."},{"key":"ref2251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.08.007","article-title":"An integrative review of the current evidence on the relationship between hand hygiene interventions and the incidence of health care-associated infections","volume":"36","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2013.0043","article-title":"Processing of diagnostic blood specimens: is it really necessary to mix primary blood tubes after collection with evacuated tube system?","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biopreserv Biobank"},{"key":"ref1081","first-page":"401","article-title":"Confidence level in venipuncture and knowledge on causes of in vitro hemolysis among healthcare professionals","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.047","article-title":"What\/s floating on my plasma?","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref2021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0412","article-title":"The order of draw: myth or science?","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1151","first-page":"943","article-title":"Performance criteria and quality indicators for the pre-analytical phase","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12607","article-title":"Level of confidence in venepuncture and knowledge in determining causes of blood sample haemolysis among clinical staff and phlebotomists","volume":"24","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref2451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.044","article-title":"Biochemia Medica introduces new section: pre-analytical mysteries","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1086\/655839","article-title":"Use of gloves and reduction of risk of injury caused by needles or sharp medical devices in healthcare workers: results from a case-crossover study","volume":"31","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12057","article-title":"Reducing blood culture contamination in the emergency department: an interrupted time series quality improvement study","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref1621","first-page":"CD011621","article-title":"Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff","volume":"4","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref1671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12337","article-title":"Reducing blood culture contamination in community hospital emergency departments: a multicenter evaluation of a quality improvement intervention","volume":"21","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref1491","first-page":"242","article-title":"Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine: national recommendations for venous blood sampling","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref2081","first-page":"869","article-title":"Influence of short-term venous stasis on clinical chemistry testing","volume":"43","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.035","article-title":"Does recreational scuba diving have clinically significant effect on routine haematological parameters?","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0412","article-title":"The order of draw: myth or science?","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6593.332-b","article-title":"Minimising bruising in the antecubital fossa after venipuncture","volume":"295","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"ref2311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12607","article-title":"Level of confidence in venepuncture and knowledge in determining causes of blood sample haemolysis among clinical staff and phlebotomists","volume":"24","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjhh.2017.01.004","article-title":"Patient posture for blood collection by venipuncture: recall for standardization after 28 years","volume":"39","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter"},{"key":"ref2111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.033","article-title":"Effects of vigorous mixing of blood vacuum tubes on laboratory test results","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1961","first-page":"398","article-title":"The alcohol used for cleansing the venipuncture site does not jeopardize blood and plasma alcohol measurement with head-space gas chromatography and an enzymatic assay","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref1091","first-page":"342","article-title":"Impact of the phlebotomy training based on CLSI\/NCCLS H03-A6- procedures for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens by venipuncture","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref2041","first-page":"218","article-title":"Incorrect order of draw could be mitigate the patient safety: a phlebotomy management case report","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1781","first-page":"152","article-title":"New ways to deal with known preanalytical issues: use of transilluminator instead of tourniquet for easing vein access and eliminating stasis on clinical biochemistry","volume":"21","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref481","first-page":"342","article-title":"Impact of the venous blood collection training based on CLSI\/NCCLS H03\u2013A6 \u2013 procedures for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens by venipuncture","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03294.x","article-title":"Assessment of donor fear enhances prediction of presyncopal symptoms among volunteer blood donors","volume":"52","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref1981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0426","article-title":"Order of blood draw: opinion paper by the European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE)","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2257.2006.00818.x","article-title":"Venous stasis and routine hematologic testing","volume":"28","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Lab Haematol"},{"key":"ref1431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2017.045","article-title":"Acutely developing, spurious anemia without actual blood loss. A paradigmatic case report","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"193","article-title":"Critical review and meta-analysis of spurious hemolysis in blood samples collected from intravenous catheters","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2011.011099","article-title":"Variation in venous blood collection techniques in emergency medicine and the incidence of haemolysed samples","volume":"48","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1108\/IJHCQA-04-2012-0035","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge attitude and practices among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital on needle stick among injury","volume":"26","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Health Care Qual Assur"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2012.00424.x","article-title":"Is it possible to use expired tubes for routine biochemical analysis in dogs?","volume":"41","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref1241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563216643969","article-title":"The role of European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group for Preanalytical Phase in standardization and harmonization of the preanalytical phase in Europe","volume":"53","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.07.007","article-title":"Estimation of the imprecision on clinical chemistry testing due to fist clenching and maintenance during venipuncture","volume":"49","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref601","first-page":"31","article-title":"The impact of fist clenching and its maintenance during venipuncture on routine hematology testing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.08.007","article-title":"An integrative review of the current evidence on the relationship between hand hygiene interventions and the incidence of health care-associated infections","volume":"36","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref581","first-page":"17","article-title":"Phlebotomy, a bridge between laboratory and patient","volume":"26","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref811","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Relevance of EDTA carryover during blood collection","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.033","article-title":"Effects of vigorous mixing of blood vacuum tubes on laboratory test results","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref1941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00120-4","article-title":"Fate of ethanol topically applied to skin","volume":"39","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref1171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0331-CP","article-title":"Clinical consequences of specimen rejection: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes analysis of 78 clinical laboratories","volume":"138","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2014.036","article-title":"Could light meal jeopardize laboratory coagulation tests?","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"ref1751","first-page":"1119","article-title":"Potential risk of cross-infection by tourniquets: a need for effective control practices in Pakistan","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref2481","first-page":"1660","article-title":"European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE). The EFLM strategy for harmonization of the preanalytical phase","volume":"56","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1891","first-page":"131","article-title":"Venipuncture-related lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve injury: what to know?","volume":"64","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2012.32.4.250","article-title":"Influence of a regular, standardized meal on clinical chemistry analytes","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med"},{"key":"ref1741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2017-0994","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of reusable venipuncture tourniquets in tertiary-care hospital","volume":"56","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref2051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01981.x","article-title":"EDTA sample contamination is common and often undetected, putting patients at unnecessary risk of harm","volume":"63","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref1461","first-page":"33","article-title":"Standardization of collection requirements for fasting samples. For the Working Group on Preanalytical Phase (WG-PA) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM)","volume":"432","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref1541","article-title":"Patient\u2019s knowledge and awareness about the effect of the over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and dietary supplements on laboratory test results: a survey in 18 European countries","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med."}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/cclm.2018.56.issue-12\/cclm-2018-0602\/cclm-2018-0602.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2018-0602\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T07:38:39Z","timestamp":1720424319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2018-0602\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"references-count":230,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2018-0602","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-4331","1434-6621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-4331","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1434-6621","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]}}}