{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:07:00Z","timestamp":1761491220729,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Seneca Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["19894\/GERM\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19894\/GERM\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Portuguese Science Foundation","award":["CEECIND\/04397\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/04397\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2021-0324_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to validate a commercially available automated assay for the measurement of total adenosine deaminase (tADA) and its isoenzymes (ADA1 and ADA2) in saliva in a fast and accurate way, and evaluate the possible changes of these analytes in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2021-0324_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The validation, in addition to the evaluation of precision and accuracy, included the analysis of the effects of the main procedures that are currently being used for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in saliva and a pilot study to evaluate the possible changes in salivary tADA and isoenzymes in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2021-0324_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The automated assay proved to be accurate and precise, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation below 8.2%, linearity under dilution linear regression with R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> close to 1, and recovery percentage between 80 and 120% in all cases. This assay was affected when the sample is treated with heat or SDS for virus inactivation but tolerated Triton X-100 and NP-40. Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=71) and who recovered from infection (n=11) had higher mean values of activity of tADA and its isoenzymes than healthy individuals (n=35).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2021-0324_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>tADA and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 can be measured accurately and precisely in saliva samples in a rapid, economical, and reproducible way and can be analyzed after chemical inactivation with Triton X-100 and NP-40. Besides, the changes observed in tADA and isoenzymes in individuals with COVID-19 open the possibility of their potential use as non-invasive biomarkers in this disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2021-0324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T03:14:35Z","timestamp":1619579675000},"page":"1592-1599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Analytical validation of an automated assay for the measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and a pilot evaluation of their changes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3375-4274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Franco-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia , Espinardo, Murcia , Spain"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Tecles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia , Espinardo, Murcia , Spain"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Torres-Cantero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB, Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, Universidad De Murcia , Murcia , Spain"}]},{"given":"Indra","family":"San L\u00e1zaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB, Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, Universidad De Murcia , Murcia , Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda R.","family":"Vicente-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, Universidad De Murcia , Murcia , Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9370-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Advanced Research and Training Institute (IIFA), University of \u00c9vora , \u00c9vora , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Resalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Medicine Centre, University of Murcia , Espinardo, Murcia , Spain"}]},{"given":"Camila P.","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia , Espinardo, Murcia , Spain"}]},{"given":"Asta","family":"Tvarijonaviciute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia , Espinardo, Murcia , Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1524-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Subiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia , Espinardo, Murcia , Spain"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 J.","family":"Cer\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia , Espinardo, Murcia , Spain"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033111540868757_j_cclm-2021-0324_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iizuka, H, Koizumi, H, Kamigaki, K, Aoyagi, T, Miura, Y. 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