{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:43:32Z","timestamp":1761921812800,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008052","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Alfonso Mart\u00edn Escudero","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JR21\/00007","PI13\/2594","PI16\/01395","PI16\/01404","PT23\/00118","RD21\/0016\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR21\/00007","PI13\/2594","PI16\/01395","PI16\/01404","PT23\/00118","RD21\/0016\/0022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0045_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glycosylation is a tightly controlled co-translational and post-translational enzymatic modification. Total N-glycome profiling in blood serum\/plasma provides information on the most common serum\/plasma glycosylation. Total plasma N-glycome from various population samples displayed predictive ability for type 2 diabetes incidence in two previous studies; we therefore explored the ability of total serum N-glycome to predict this disease in a general adult population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0045_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cohort study included a random sample of 1516 adults from a single Spanish municipality. Participants\u2019 glycemic status (non-diabetes, type 2 diabetes) was evaluated at baseline and at a mean follow-up of 7.4 years. Total serum N-glycome at baseline was also measured. Serum enzymatic N-glycan release was performed on a robotic platform followed by HILIC-UPLC glycan separation. Total serum N-glycans were quantified and employed alone, as well as in combination with classical risk factors, to construct type 2 diabetes prediction models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0045_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total serum N-glycome peak 37, mainly composed of A3F1G3S3, predisposed participants to type 2 diabetes; however, total serum N-glycome peak 24, mainly composed of A2G2S2, was protective against type 2 diabetes. The interaction between total serum N-glycome peaks 37 and 24 predicted the incidence of type 2 diabetes over time (area under the curve 0.801 [0.750\u20130.853]). Their predictive power had an independent and additive effect on classical prediction factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0045_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The interaction between total serum N-glycome peaks 37 and 24 may constitute a promising predictive biomarker for type 2 diabetes improving the classical prediction\u00a0tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-0045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T10:45:41Z","timestamp":1759229141000},"page":"2330-2340","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum N-glycans as independent predictors of the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a prospective investigation in the AEGIS cohort"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1854-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iago","family":"Carballo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , University Hospital Complex of Santiago (CHUS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"},{"name":"Research Methods Group (RESMET) , Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9592-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Lado-Baleato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Methods Group (RESMET) , Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"},{"name":"ISCIII Support Platforms for Clinical Research , Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1941-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00f3is\u00edn","family":"O\u2019Flaherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry , Maynooth University , Maynooth , Co. Kildare , Ireland"},{"name":"Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research , Maynooth University , Maynooth , Co. Kildare , Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0916-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Alonso-Sampedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Methods Group (RESMET) , Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"},{"name":"Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS-ISCIII) , Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2961-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel M.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3484-5162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salom\u00e9 S.","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5085-5080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radka","family":"Saldova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Dublin , Ireland"},{"name":"UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS) , University College Dublin (UCD) , Dublin , Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9681-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Gude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Methods Group (RESMET) , Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"},{"name":"Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS-ISCIII) , Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing, and Medicine , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6909-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Quintela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , University Hospital Complex of Santiago (CHUS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"},{"name":"Research Methods Group (RESMET) , Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing, and Medicine , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025103114402227284_j_cclm-2025-0045_ref_001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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