{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:38:59Z","timestamp":1792604339114,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-1138_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As personalized medicine expands, metabolomics may support clinical decision-making. However, its integration in routine requires biological variation (BV) data, which remain scarce. Here, we aimed to generate short- and long-term CV\n                      <jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>\n                      and CV\n                      <jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub>\n                      components, index of individuality (II), reference change values (RCV) and analytical performance specifications (APS) for serum metabolites quantified by NMR spectroscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-1138_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty healthy individuals (14 males, 16 females; age 23\u201340 years) provided serum weekly for 10\u00a0weeks and monthly for 10\u00a0months, following European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group on Biological Variation recommendations. Thirty-nine metabolites were quantified by NMR, while creatinine was also measured enzymatically. Analytical variation (CV\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was calculated from pooled samples. Outliers and trends were evaluated before CV-ANOVA to determine BV estimates with confidence intervals (CIs), II, RCVs, number of specimens estimating the individual\u2019s homeostatic set point, and\u00a0APS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-1138_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NMR-based creatinine BV components aligned with enzymatic results. Comparison with EFLM BV meta-analysis agreed strongly for ascorbate, creatinine, and glucose, while urea exhibited higher CV\n                      <jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Weekly and monthly CV\n                      <jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>\n                      and CV\n                      <jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub>\n                      were similar, indicating stable metabolic variability over time. Sex-stratified analyses showed CV\n                      <jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>\n                      differences for some metabolites, but most CIs overlapped. Eight metabolites exceeded APS for imprecision, six showed II &lt;0.6, and RCVs varied widely across metabolites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2026-1138_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides method-dependent short- and long-term BV estimates for 39 serum metabolites measured by NMR. These data provide a framework for interpreting metabolomic measurements based on BV but require independent analytical and clinical validation before clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2026-1138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:56:42Z","timestamp":1792601802000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of short- and long-term biological variation for 39 serum metabolites using an NMR-based metabolomics approach"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9227-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manon","family":"Campas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Metabolomics Group (CliMe), Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry , University of Li\u00e8ge, CIRM, CHU of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7816-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Le Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Metabolomics Group (CliMe), Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry , University of Li\u00e8ge, CIRM, CHU of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4234-4587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"de Tullio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Metabolomics Group (CliMe), Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry , University of Li\u00e8ge, CIRM, CHU of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Cavalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Metabolomics Group (CliMe), Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry , University of Li\u00e8ge, CIRM, CHU of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102116563765397_j_cclm-2026-1138_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hallworth, MJ, Epner, PL, Ebert, C, Fantz, CR, Faye, SA, Higgins, TN, et al.. 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