{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:52:35Z","timestamp":1775069555568,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Visual inspection is a very simple, non-destructive technique and usual in diagnosing buildings and structures\u2019 conditions. It also plays an important role in the rapid assessment of constructive problems as well as in the definition of an appropriate way for eventual remedial interventions. However, the use of this methodology often meets difficulties, especially when places to be inspected are difficult to access; it involves security risks for inspectors or even when a reactive inspection of urgent nature becomes unfeasible due to the high costs and the necessary means involved. In this context, the introduction of new technologies, such as drones, can bring substantial benefits. Currently, great focus has been put on this type of device as an emerging technology in the construction industry. This article treats about a reflexion on the adaptability and versatility of using drones, within a framework for monitoring the condition of buildings\u2019 envelope, just as for other kinds of structures (e.g. bridges, viaducts, dams, chimneys, etc.). The interest lies, for now, in devices with a multirotor configuration, integrating high-definition cameras for both photography and video. In order to verify these assumptions, several field tests are being performed, of which some examples are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/eng-2021-0071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T22:39:29Z","timestamp":1621377569000},"page":"734-743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["New trends in visual inspection of buildings and structures: Study for the use of drones"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jorge Furtado","family":"Falorca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineer , Covilh\u00e3 , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. N. D.","family":"Miraldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering & Architecture, University of Beira Interior, Faculdade de Engenharia, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro , Covilh\u00e3 6200-001 , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Carlos Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Lanzinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering & Architecture, University of Beira Interior, Faculdade de Engenharia, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro , Covilh\u00e3 6200-001 , Portugal"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_001","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica, I.P. Construction and housing statistics \u2013 2018. Lisbon: INE; 2019. p. 79. ISBN: 978-989-25-0493-3."},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_002","unstructured":"nfraestruturas de Portugal (IP) [Internet]. Lisbon: IP; 2018c. [cited 2019 Oct 9]. Available from: https:\/\/www.infraestruturasdeportugal.pt\/pt-pt\/centro-de-imprensa\/estado-de-conservacao-das-obras-de-arte-rodoviarias-e-ferroviarias-da-ip"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_003","unstructured":"Infraestruturas de Portugal (IP) [Internet]. Lisbon: IP; 2019c. [cited 2019 Oct 9]. Available from: http:\/\/www.infraestruturasdeportugal.pt\/rede\/ferroviaria\/estado-da-infraestrutura\/indicadores-de-desempenho"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dupont QF, Chua DK, Tashrif A, Abbott EL. Potential applications of UAV along the construction\u2019s value chain. Procedia Eng. 2017 Apr 18;182:165\u201373. 10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.03.155.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.03.155"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lidynia L, Philipsen R, Ziefle M. Droning on about drones \u2013 acceptance of and perceived barriers to drones in civil usage contexts. In: Savage-Knepshield P, Chen J, editors. Advances in human factors in robots and unmanned systems. Cham: Springer. Adv Intell Syst Comput. 2017;499:317\u201329. 10.1007\/978-3-319-41959-6_26.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41959-6_26"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciampa E, De Vito L, Pecce MR. Practical issues on the use of drones for construction. J Phys Conf Ser. 2019 May;1249:012016. 10.1088\/1742-6596\/1249\/1\/012016.","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1249\/1\/012016"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Entrop AG, Vasenev A. Infrared drones in the construction industry: designing a protocol for building thermography procedures. Energy Procedia. 2017 Oct 17;132:63\u20138. 10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.09.636.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.09.636"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seo J, Duque L, Wacker J. Drone-enabled bridge inspection methodology and application. Autom Constr. 2018 Oct;94:112\u201326. 10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.06.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.06.006"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gopalakrishnan K, Gholami H, Vidyadharan A, Choudhary A, Agrawal A. Crack damage detection in unmanned aerial vehicle images of civil infrastructure using pre-trained deep learning model. Int J Traffic Transp Eng. 2018;8(1):1\u201314. 10.7708\/ijtte.2018.8(1).01.","DOI":"10.7708\/ijtte.2018.8(1).01"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen K, Reichard G, Xu X. Opportunities for applying camera-equipped drones towards performance inspections of building facades. Computing in civil engineering 2019: smart cities, sustainability, and resilience. 2019 June 17\u201319. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers; 2019. p. 113\u201320. 10.1061\/9780784482445.015.","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784482445.015"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serrat Pi\u00e8 C, Banaszek A, Cellmer A, Gibert V. Use of UAVs for technical inspection of buildings within the BRAIN massive inspection platform. IOP Conference Series \u2013 Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 471; 2019. 10.1088\/1757-899X\/471\/2\/022008.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/471\/2\/022008"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_012","unstructured":"Miraldes J, Ramos R. Building inspection report using a drone \u2013 work presented at the curricular unit \u2018construction pathology\u2019 of the integrated master in civil engineering. Covilh\u00e3: UBI; 2018."},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_013","unstructured":"Falorca JG, Lanzinha JC. Developments towards the use of drones in the building envelope condition assessment \u2013 a comprehensive review and experimental rehearsals. Covilh\u00e3: UBI; 2019. ISBN: 978-989-654-610-6."},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falorca JG, Lanzinha JC. Facade inspections with drones \u2013 theoretical analysis and exploratory tests. Int J Build Pathol Adapt. 2021;39(2):235\u201358. 10.1108\/IJBPA-07-2019-0063.","DOI":"10.1108\/IJBPA-07-2019-0063"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rakha T, Gorodetsky A. Review of unmanned aerial system (UAS) applications in the built environment: towards automated building inspection procedures using drones. Autom Constr. 2018 Sep;93:252\u201364. 10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.05.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.05.002"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falorca J. Main functions for building maintenance management \u2013 an outline application. Int J Build Pathol Adapt. 2019 Out;37(5):490\u2013509. 10.1108\/IJBPA-08-2018-0067.","DOI":"10.1108\/IJBPA-08-2018-0067"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta S, Ghonge M, Jawandhiya P. Review of unmanned aircraft system (UAS). Int J Adv Res Comput Eng Technol. 2013 Apr 4;2(4):1646\u201358. 10.2139\/ssrn.3451039.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3451039"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassanalian M, Abdelkefi A. Classifications, applications, and design challenges of drones: a review. Prog Aerosp Sci. 2017 May;91:99\u2013131. 10.1016\/j.paerosci.2017.04.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paerosci.2017.04.003"},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_019","unstructured":"Eschmann C, Kuo C, Kuo C-M, Boller C. Unmanned aircraft systems for remote building inspection and monitoring. 6th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2012). Germany: Dresden; 2012 Jul 3\u20136. p. 1179\u201386."},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_020","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.dji.com\/pt\/phantom-4 [cited 2019 May 4]."},{"key":"2022030610281862334_j_eng-2021-0071_ref_021","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.parrot.com\/us\/drones\/parrot-bebop-2 [cited 2019 May 4]."}],"container-title":["Open Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/eng-2021-0071\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/eng-2021-0071\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T10:33:43Z","timestamp":1646562823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/eng-2021-0071\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/eng-2021-0071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/eng-2021-0071","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2391-5439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}}}