{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T13:16:39Z","timestamp":1770124599787,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_hmbci-2022-0039_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endometriosis is a gynecological disease associated with an imbalance between oxidative species production and anti-oxidative defenses. In women, endometriosis has been reported to associate with increased incidence of cardiovascular events. As such, this study aimed to analyze the oxidation-responsive AMPK\/SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1\/SIRT3 pathway in the heart of a mouse model of endometriosis. The effect of metformin, an insulin-sensitizing and anti-oxidative drug with already shown positive results in endometriotic tissue was studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_hmbci-2022-0039_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-six female B6CBA\/F1 mice were divided into 4 groups (Control-C, Surgery-induced Endometriosis and Metformin-EM (50\u00a0mg\/kg\/day orally administrated for 3\u00a0months), Endometriosis-E and Metformin-M). Immunofluorescent labelling of SIRT1 and SIRT3 was performed in the heart tissue. Assessment of expression of AMPK\u03b1, SIRT1, PGC-1\u03b1, SIRT3, SOD2, and GPx1 was performed by Western Blotting. The quantification of microRNA(miR)-34a, miR-195, miR-217, miR-155 and miR-421, involved in the regulation of expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3, was performed by Real-Time PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_hmbci-2022-0039_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data showed an increase in phospho-AMPK\u03b1 and in GPx1 expression in the EM group when compared to the C group, but not in the total AMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1\u03b1, SIRT3 and SOD2, suggesting a GPx1 expression increase independently of the AMPK\/SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1\/SIRT3 pathway. MicroRNAs, excepting miR-217, showed a consistent trend of increase in the M group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_hmbci-2022-0039_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study showed that endometriosis does not significantly affect the expression of the components of the AMPK\/SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1\/SIRT3 pathway in the heart. However, it indicates that an oxidative condition underlying endometriosis is required for metformin to evidence an increment in the expression of the anti-oxidative enzyme GPx1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2022-0039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T05:14:23Z","timestamp":1657170863000},"page":"405-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anti-oxidant effect of metformin through AMPK\/SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1\/SIRT3\u2013 independent GPx1 expression in the heart of mice with endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1322-0462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Felgueiras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit , Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S) , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit , Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S) , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adriana R.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit , Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S) , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit , Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S) , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit , Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S) , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Delminda","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit , Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S) , Porto , Portugal"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121207244508430_j_hmbci-2022-0039_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hickey, M, Ballard, K, Farquhar, C. 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